Eating behavior toward oil and fat consumption versus dietary fat intake

Objective: To analyze whether the stages of change of the Transtheoretical Model are in accordance with the fat consumption of members of the Academia da Cidade of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a simple random sample of users aged ≥20 years frequenting an Academia da Cidade. Eating behavior toward oil and fat consumption was evaluated by the transtheoretical model and compared with fat intake adequacy, obtained through mean fat intake was investigated by three 24-hour recalls. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were also collected. Additionally, the stages of change were verified, after reclassification the stages of change agreed with the consumption of fatty foods, fats, and fractions. Results: A total of 131 women with a mean age of 53.9±12.1 had an average fatty acid consumption of 556.0 mL. Some participants consumed high-fat foods, lipids (20.6%), saturated (31.3%) and polyunsaturated (38.2%) fatty acids, and cholesterol (16.0%) in excess. The stages of eating behavior were significantly different after reclassification. The number of women in action and maintenance decreased in a way that in the end, 4.6% were in precontemplation, 19.8% were in contemplation, 26.0% were in preparation, 28.2% were in action, and 21.4% were in maintenance. The consumption of chicken skin; fatty salad dressing; bread, doughnuts or cake with butter/margarine; and fats, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids was lower in the final stages of the transtheoretical model. Conclusion: After reclassification the algorithm is in agreement with the ingestion of high-fat foods, which denotes its applicability for the evaluation of eating behavior and for providing data to food and nutrition education actions.研究目的：分析跨理论模型（Transtheoretical Model）的行为改变阶段，与米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特市城市学院（Academia da Cidade）成员的脂肪摄入情况是否相符。研究方法：本横断面研究纳入了年龄≥20岁、定期前往城市学院（Academia da Cidade）的简单随机抽样用户。采用跨理论模型评估受试者针对油脂摄入的饮食行为，并将其与通过3次24小时膳食回顾法调查获取的平均脂肪摄入量计算得出的脂肪摄入适宜性进行对比。同时收集人体测量学及社会人口学数据。此外，本研究还对行为改变阶段进行验证，经重新分类后，行为改变阶段与高脂食品、脂肪及其组分的摄入情况具有一致性。研究结果：共纳入131名女性受试者，平均年龄为53.9±12.1岁，平均脂肪酸摄入量为556.0 mL。部分受试者存在高脂食物、脂质（占比20.6%）、饱和脂肪酸（占比31.3%）、多不饱和脂肪酸（占比38.2%）及胆固醇（占比16.0%）摄入过量的情况。经重新分类后，饮食行为阶段分布存在显著差异。处于行动阶段与维持阶段的女性人数有所减少，最终各阶段占比分别为：前意向阶段4.6%、意向阶段19.8%、准备阶段26.0%、行动阶段28.2%、维持阶段21.4%。在跨理论模型的后期阶段，鸡皮、高脂沙拉酱、涂抹黄油/人造奶油的面包、甜甜圈或蛋糕，以及脂肪、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量均更低。研究结论：经重新分类后，该评估算法与高脂食物的摄入情况相符，表明其可用于饮食行为评估，并可为食品与营养教育行动提供数据支撑，具备实际应用价值。