Forced changes in a Tibetan lake ecosystem over the past millennium

This dataset contains the primary proxy and model-derived data used in the study investigating climate forcing, limnological variability, and lake ecosystem changes in Nam Co (Tibetan Plateau, China) over the past millennium. The dataset includes sediment geochemical proxies, fossil diatom assemblage data, principal component scores derived from diatom community composition, and climate model fingerprint time series used for comparison with external climate forcings. Figure 1 data include: Nam Co Ti (clr) Z-scores The titanium (Ti) record from Nam Co sediments is expressed as centered log-ratio transformed values and standardized as Z-scores. The Ti record is interpreted as a proxy for precipitation variability associated with Indian Summer Monsoon intensity over the past millennium. Figure 2 data include: Diatom-PC1 scores Diatom-PC2 scores Relative abundance (%) of diatom taxa These fossil diatom data and derived multivariate statistics from Nam Co sediments reflect limnological and ecological variability primarily during the open-water season and were used to infer changes in temperature-related ecological dynamics and hydroclimatic variability. Figure 3 data include: First leading multivariate fingerprint: PCM,1(t) This Earth System Model-derived fingerprint time series represents the leading mode of coupled summer climate variability derived from multi-model simulations over the past millennium. Figure 4 data include: Second leading multivariate fingerprint: PCM,2(t) (value × -1) July–September insolation difference between 30°N and 30°S (W m−2) Interhemispheric volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depth anomaly for the Northern Hemisphere (Interhemispheric volcanic SAOD_NH) Interhemispheric volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depth anomaly for the Southern Hemisphere (Interhemispheric volcanic SAOD_SH) These datasets were used to investigate asymmetric climate forcing mechanisms associated with orbital forcing and interhemispheric volcanic aerosol variability.