Assessing the Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Plant Species

<p>This study aims to investigate the effects of commonly used pesticides in conventional European farming on non-target plant species. The effects of six active pesticide ingredients—acetamiprid, pirimicarb, glyphosate, fluroxypyr, azoxystrobin, and tebuconazole—were studied both individually and in mixtures at concentrations reflecting real-world field scenarios. Toxicity was assessed on three plant species: Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum, and Sorghum saccharatum.</p>