Temporal relationship between dancer’s body movements and music beats in classical ballet

Musicality is one of the most essential aspects of dance performance: Dancers control their bodies to the music, and audiences appreciate dances beautifully harmonized with music. The present study explores this problem from the perspective of synchronization between music beats and body movements. Specifically, we investigated the temporal relationship between dancer’s body movements and metronome beats when a dancer performed four basic classical ballet movements (i.e., changement, passé, jeté, and tendu) to the metronome. We measured body movements of 10 ballet dancers using an optical motion capture system and force plates, and analyzed what movement reference points of dancer’s body motion (e.g., movement endpoints and ground reaction force peaks) occurred on or close to the beat and backbeat. Specific reference points coincided with the beat timing common to most dancers, but the different reference points were synchronized with the beat depending on the movements. These reference..., Appratus and signal processing We measured the dancer’s body movement using an optical motion capture system (Vicon Nexus) at a frame rate of 250 Hz. Retroreflective markers were attached to 35 body sites using a plug-in full-body gait model. Ground reaction force (GRF) was measured using a force plate (Kistler Instruments) at a sampling rate of 1 KHz via external analog inputs to the Vicon system. Motion data were filtered with a 4th-order zero-phase low-pass filter (cutoff frequency: 50 Hz), and velocity and acceleration were calculated using numerical derivatives. GRF data were filtered with a 4th-order zero-phase low-pass filter (cutoff frequency: 400 Hz). Positional data are expressed in xyz coordinates, where the x-axis represents the front-back direction (positive towards the back), the y-axis represents the left-right direction (positive towards the right), and the z-axis represents the up-down direction (positive upwards). Task and procedure The participant’s task was to perfo..., , # Temporal Relationship between Dancer’s Body Movements and Music Beats in Classical Ballet [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm8v](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm8v) ## Summary of experiment The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the temporal relationship between the dancer's body movement and musical beats when a dancer dance to music. To this end, we measured the body movement of classical ballet dancers using an optical motion capture system (Vicon Nexus) and a force plate (Kistler Instruments). The participant’s task was to perform the specified ballet movements in sync with the metronome’s rhythm. The target movements were *changement*, *passé*, *jeté* (outward), and *tendu* (outward). In order to examine the temporal relation between body movement and metronome beats, we defined several “movement reference points” (i.e., distinctive perceptual events that can be used to synchronize body movements with the metronome beats) for each movement. We analyzed the time ...音乐性是舞蹈表演最为核心的特质之一：舞者依托音乐调控肢体动作，观众亦能领略与音乐完美契合的舞蹈之美。本研究从音乐节拍与肢体动作的同步性视角切入，对这一问题展开探究。具体而言，本研究针对舞者跟随节拍器演奏四种基础古典芭蕾动作（即换脚跳（changement）、吸腿（passé）、外开大跳（jeté）与擦地（tendu））时，其肢体动作与节拍器节拍之间的时序关联展开调研。本研究借助光学动作捕捉系统与测力板，对10名芭蕾舞者的肢体动作进行采集，并分析舞者肢体动作的哪些运动参考点（如动作端点与地面反作用力峰值）出现在节拍与强拍上或临近该时刻。上述参考点…… 设备与信号处理 本研究采用帧率为250Hz的光学动作捕捉系统（Vicon Nexus）采集舞者肢体动作，借助插件式全身体态步态模型，在35个身体点位粘贴反射标记点。通过外接模拟输入端口连接至Vicon系统的测力板（Kistler Instruments），以1kHz的采样率采集地面反作用力（GRF, Ground Reaction Force）数据。动作数据经4阶零相位低通滤波器滤波（截止频率：50Hz），并通过数值微分计算得到速度与加速度数据；GRF数据则经4阶零相位低通滤波器滤波（截止频率：400Hz）。位置数据以xyz坐标系表示：x轴代表前后方向（正向指向后方），y轴代表左右方向（正向指向右侧），z轴代表上下方向（正向指向上方）。 任务与流程 实验参与者的任务为…… # 古典芭蕾中舞者肢体动作与音乐节拍的时序关联 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm8v](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm8v) ## 实验概述 本实验旨在分析舞者随乐起舞时，其肢体动作与音乐节拍之间的时序关联。为此，我们借助光学动作捕捉系统（Vicon Nexus）与测力板（Kistler Instruments）采集古典芭蕾舞者的肢体动作数据。实验参与者需按照节拍器的节奏完成指定芭蕾动作，目标动作包括换脚跳（changement）、吸腿（passé）、外开大跳（jeté）与外开擦地（tendu）。为探究肢体动作与节拍器节拍之间的时序关系，我们为每种动作定义了若干“运动参考点”（即可用于将肢体动作与节拍器节拍同步的标志性感知事件），并对……时刻展开了分析。