Deepwater Horizon oil spill simulations using Connectivity Modeling System: Daily oil mass and concentrations on a spatio-temporal 4-D grid, surface oil concentrations, non-gridded sedimented oil mass

The dataset contains the numerical results of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident at Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico, as estimated from the simulations using the latest updated version of the oil application of the Connectivity Modeling System (CMS) or oil-CMS. This contains additional data that complements the dataset that is available at GRIIDC under Unique Dataset Identifier (UDI) R4.x267.000:0084 (DOI: 10.7266/N7KD1WDB). In this version of the oil-CMS model, the specified hydrocarbon pseudo-components are in the same droplet. The post-processing analysis yielded 4-D spatiotemporal data of the oil concentrations and oil mass on a regular horizontal and vertical grid. There are two sets of simulations that last 167 days and 100 days (a shorter sensitivity run). CMS has a Lagrangian, particle-tracking framework, computing particle evolution and transport in the ocean interior. CMS simulations start date: April 20, 2010, 0000 UTC, and particles were tracked for 167 days or 100 days. Oil particles release location: 28.736N, 88.365W, depth is 1222m or 300m above the oil well. 3000 particles were released every 2 hours, for 87 days, equivalent to a total of 3132000 oil particles released during the simulation. Initial particle sizes were determined at random by the CMS in the range of 1-500 micron, and are scaled during post-processing to represent the chosen droplet size distribution (DSD). Each particle contained three (3) pseudo-components accounting for the differential oil density as follows: 10% of light oil with a density of 800kg/m^3, 75% of the oil with 840 kg/m^3, and 15% of heavy oil with 950 kg/m^3 density. The half-life decay rates of oil fractions were 30 days, 40 days, and 180 days, respectively. The surface evaporation half-life was set to 250 hours; horizontal diffusion was set to 10 m^2/s in the present case. Ocean hydrodynamic forcing for the CMS model was used from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) for the Gulf of Mexico region on a 0.04-deg. horizontal grid and 40 vertical levels from the surface to 5500m. It provided daily average 3-D momentum, temperature and salinity forcing fields to the CMS model. The surface wind drift parameterization used surface winds and wind stressed from the 0.5-degree Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). The transport and evolution of the oil particles were tracked by the oil-CMS model during the 167 days of the main simulation (100 days for a sensitivity run), recording each particle’s horizontal position, depth, diameter, and density into the model output every 2 hours. Model data needed to be post-processed to obtain oil concentrations and oil mass estimates. The post-processing algorithm took into account the total amount of oil spilled during the 87-day incident as estimated from the reports (730000 tons), and the assumptions about the oil particle size distribution at the time of the release as estimated in the prior studies. The current dataset contains post-processed gridded and non-gridded analyses for the cases of untreated oil and cases of oil treated with the chemical dispersants at the oil release location.本数据集包含2010年墨西哥湾马孔多油井（Macondo well）深水地平线（Deepwater Horizon）漏油事件的数值模拟结果，该结果基于最新更新版的连通性模拟系统石油应用模块（Connectivity Modeling System, CMS，即oil-CMS）的模拟估算得到。本数据集补充了GRIIDC平台下唯一数据集标识符（Unique Dataset Identifier, UDI）为R4.x267.000:0084（DOI: 10.7266/N7KD1WDB）的公开数据集的额外数据。在本次使用的oil-CMS模型版本中，指定的烃类假组分均处于同一油滴内。后处理分析得到了规则水平与垂直网格下的石油浓度和石油质量的四维时空数据。本次模拟包含两组时长分别为167天的主模拟，以及100天的短时长敏感性模拟。CMS采用拉格朗日粒子追踪框架，计算海洋内部的粒子演化与输运过程。CMS模拟的启动时间为2010年4月20日0000协调世界时（UTC），粒子追踪时长分别为167天或100天。石油粒子的释放位置为北纬28.736°、西经88.365°，释放深度为1222米，或油井上方300米处。每2小时释放3000个粒子，持续87天，模拟期间总计释放3132000个石油粒子。初始粒子尺寸由CMS在1至500微米范围内随机确定，并在后处理阶段进行缩放，以匹配选定的油滴尺寸分布（Droplet Size Distribution, DSD）。每个粒子包含3种假组分，以体现石油密度的差异：10%为密度800kg/m³的轻质油，75%为密度840kg/m³的常规石油组分，15%为密度950kg/m³的重质油。各油分的半衰期分别为30天、40天与180天。表面蒸发半衰期设定为250小时；本次模拟中水平扩散系数设定为10 m²/s。海洋动力强迫场采用墨西哥湾区域的混合坐标海洋模型（HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM）数据，其水平分辨率为0.04度，垂直方向共40层，覆盖从海面至5500米的深度范围。该数据为CMS模型提供每日平均的三维动量、温度与盐度强迫场。表面风漂流参数化方案采用0.5度分辨率的海军作战全球大气预报系统（Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System, NOGAPS）的表面风场与风应力数据。oil-CMS模型在主模拟的167天（敏感性模拟为100天）期间追踪石油粒子的输运与演化过程，每2小时将每个粒子的水平位置、深度、直径与密度记录至模型输出文件中。模型数据需经过后处理以得到石油浓度与石油质量估算结果。后处理算法综合了报告中估算的87天漏油事件总溢油量（730000吨），以及前期研究中得到的溢油初始时刻油粒尺寸分布的相关假设。本数据集包含经后处理的网格化与非网格化分析结果，涵盖未处置溢油场景，以及在溢油位置使用化学分散剂处置后的溢油场景。