Duke William’s 1066 Campaign, the Historical Climatology

To estimate the weather in 1066, a multiple regression was conducted in R where September and October total precipitation and average air pressure were modelled against the precipitation reconstructions, NAO and temperature. The models were evaluated with a selection of running means to determine the optimal model. The 1066 values were then averaged for the optimal running mean range for each independent variable. The optimal models were used to estimate the 1066 values for September – October precipitation and air pressure. These modeled values for 1066 were then visualized in comparison to the 1928 – 1969 values. Lastly, the 1928 – 1969 September and October values for air pressure were visualized with a scatterplot and boxplots.