The association between dietary inflammation index and bone mineral density: results from the United States National Health and nutrition examination surveys

To investigate the associations of dietary inflammation index (DII) with bone density and osteoporosis in different femoral areas. The study population was selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with the exclusion criteria of age 18, pregnancy, or missing information on DII, femoral bone marrow density (BMD), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), or had diseases which may influence systemic inflammation. DII was calculated based on the questionnaire interview of dietary recall within 24 h. Subjects’ baseline characteristics were collected. The associations between DII and different femoral areas were analyzed. After applying exclusion criteria, 10,312 participants were included in the study. Significant differences among DII tertiles were found in BMD or T scores (p p 2). High DII is independently related to declined femoral BMD of femoral areas.