Correlations among journal impact factor (IF) and time-to-retraction expressed in months for different infractions.

This table includes all retracted articles. “Misconduct+Poss. misconduct” includes both “Misconduct” and “Possible misconduct,” which are also analyzed separately. The correlation coefficient r is tested for significance with the R statistic, which has a t-distribution. Numbers do not sum because this table does not include “other” and “unknown” infractions, and because some papers were retracted for more than one infraction.