Replication Data for: Gone with the Wind: Federalism and the Strategic Location of Air Polluters

In federal systems both state governments and firms have incentives to strategically locate polluting facilities where the environmental and health consequences will be borne as much as possible by residents of other jurisdictions. We analyze air polluter location in the United States using a spatial point pattern model, which models where events occur in latitude and longitude. Our analyses indicate that major air polluters are significantly more likely to be located near a state's downwind border than a control group of other industrial facilities, results that are robust to a wide variety of model specifications and measurement strategies. This effect is particularly pronounced for facilities with toxic air emissions. The observed pattern of polluter location varies systematically across states and time in ways that suggest it is responsive to public policy at both the national and state levels.在联邦制体系中，州政府与企业均存在策略性布局污染设施的动机：将设施选址于尽可能让其他管辖区居民承担环境与健康代价的区域。本研究采用空间点格局模型（spatial point pattern model）对美国境内空气污染源的选址行为展开分析——该模型用于刻画事件在经纬度维度上的分布规律。分析结果显示，相较于对照组的其他工业设施，大型空气污染源显著更倾向于选址于州的下风向边境附近；该结论在多种模型设定与测量策略下均保持稳健。对于伴有有毒空气排放的设施而言，这一效应尤为显著。观测到的污染源选址格局在各州与不同时期均呈现系统性差异，这一差异表明其选址行为会响应联邦与州两级的公共政策。