NRS-1273 | 1828 Census: Householders' returns

Householders’ Returns (NRS 1273)The individual householder's form records the district, householder's name, residence, names of family and of servants and then for each individual person – age, class, ship and year of arrival, sentence, employment, residence, religion.On the other side of the form there is a land and stock return which records district where situated, name of farm, name of proprietor or tenant, total number of acres, acres cleared, acres cultivated, and livestock (horses, horned cattle, sheep).Householders’ returns are not extant for every district. The returns in [4/1238.1-1241] include the following districts: Kissing Point, Concord, Baulkham Hills, Castle Hill, Prospect, Field of Mars, Botany Bay, Holdsworthy, Cabramatta, Liverpool, Cook, Evan, Melville, Bathurst the less, Bathurst, Wellington Valley, Parramatta and Sydney (1 return only).District Abstracts (NRS 1274) and Working Papers (NRS 1275)The clerks in the Colonial Secretary’s Office compiled a district abstract for each district which was folded around the householders’ returns for that district. Where these were voluminous there may be several bundles for a district. Within each district’s bundle the forms are roughly arranged by a running number though it appears the small-sized returns have been placed together with the larger returns placed at the end of the district bundle, usually followed by the land and stock return statistics. The clerks also allocated a number to each district which may be noted on the outside of the bundle (such as ‘N2’ for Kissing Point or ‘N37’ for Bathurst), though the number is not included on each householder’s return.A numbered list for districts 34 to 52 is given on the draft General Abstract for the Colony in [4/1238.2] (filed after Castle Hill) but there is no complete contemporary list of district numbers. The General Abstract for the Colony of New South Wales often combined two or more districts. The district number appears to have been applied by the clerks to faciliate the compilation of the statistics for the General Abstract.The returns from Government Establishments, such as Iron Gangs and Hospitals, were extracted from their respective districts by the clerks and were filed together (in [4/1238.1]). There are two lists, one of nineteen Government Establishments and the other a ‘General Abstract of the Gangs, &ca to whom Slop Clothing was issued on the 1st November 1828, to 4033 different Convicts, and others’. These two lists comprise the 1828 Census: Working papers (NRS 1275). Accompanying the second list is a ‘List of Convicts in Government employ and to whom Slop Clothing was issued on the 1st November 1828’ which lists up to 3933 convicts in 66 pages giving their name and ship in sections indicating their government employment (such as No.1 Iron Gang; Bathurst Road; Parramatta Hospital).BackgroundOn 30 June 1828 the New South Wales Legislative Council passed ‘An Act for ascertaining the Number Names and Condition of the Inhabitants of the Colony of New South Wales and also the Number of Cattle and the Quantity of located cleared and cultivated Land within the said Colony’, known as the Census Act of 1828 (9 Geo. IV No.5). (1) Magistrates were to affix notices in conspicuous places in their districts ‘requiring every householder employer of servants owner or possessor of cattle proprietor or occupier of land’ to answer the following questions:What are the respective names ages and conditions of the persons residing with you in your dwelling-house?What are the respective names ages conditions and residences of all such other persons as may be in your service or employment?Specify the respective years and ships in and by which all of such aforesaid persons as originally came to the Colony prisoners of the Crown arrived.What are the respective number of horses horned cattle and sheep of which you are the owner and in whose possession and in what district are the same respectively?What is the number of acres of land of which you are the proprietor in what district is the same how much thereof is cleared and how much cultivates and in whose possession is the same? (2)The Act also provided that in the case of refusal or neglect to answer these questions or the giving of false or untrue answers the Magistrates were able to impose a fine not exceeding Ten Pounds. (3)Printed ‘Instructions for filling up the Returns for the Census of the Year 1828’ dated 1 September 1828 were issued by the Colonial Secretary, Alexander McLeay, together with a circular dated 18 September 1828 specifying the use of printed forms in the taking of the ‘General Census of the Colony’. (4)UNESCO Australian Memory of the World RegisterThe records of the 1828 Census were inscribed on the UNESCO Australian Memory of the World Register on 27 February 2019.Endnotes1. Census of 1828 (9 Geo. IV No.5).2. Ibid.3. Ibid.4. Instructions of 1 September 1828 and Circular, 18 September 1828 in NRS 906, Special bundles [Colonial Secretary], 1826: Census of 1828 – instructions, circulars, and samples of forms to be used [4/1097].ReferenceCensus of New South Wales – November 1828. Edited by Malcolm R Sainty & Keith A Johnson. Sydney: Library of Australian History, 1980 and subsequently published, with additional information, on CD-ROM 2001 and Revised Edition 2008, Introduction (PDF) ‘Census of New South Wales November 1828, available from Biographical Database of Australia website, https://www.bda-online.org.au/sources/musters-census/ (accessed 22 February 2019).

"户主申报表（NRS 1273）
单户户主表格记录了辖区、户主姓名、住所、家庭成员与仆役姓名，以及每名个人的年龄、社会阶层、搭乘船只与抵澳年份、刑期、职业、住所、宗教信仰。表格另一面设有土地与牲畜申报表，记录物业所在辖区、农场名称、业主或租户姓名、总亩数、已开垦亩数、已耕种亩数，以及牲畜（马匹、有角牲畜、绵羊）。

并非所有辖区都留存有户主申报表。[4/1238.1-1241] 中的申报表涵盖以下辖区：基辛角（Kissing Point）、康科德（Concord）、博克汉姆山（Baulkham Hills）、卡斯尔希尔（Castle Hill）、普罗斯佩克特（Prospect）、火星原野（Field of Mars）、植物湾（Botany Bay）、霍兹沃西（Holdsworthy）、卡布拉马塔（Cabramatta）、利物浦（Liverpool）、库克（Cook）、埃文（Evan）、梅尔维尔（Melville）、小巴瑟斯特（Bathurst the less）、巴瑟斯特（Bathurst）、惠灵顿谷（Wellington Valley）、帕拉马塔（Parramatta）与悉尼（Sydney，仅1份申报表）。

辖区摘要表（NRS 1274）与工作底稿（NRS 1275）
殖民大臣（Colonial Secretary）办公室的文员为每个辖区编制了辖区摘要表，附于对应辖区的户主申报表之后。若申报表体量庞大，单个辖区可能对应多份卷宗。每份辖区卷宗内的表格大致按流水号排列，但小型申报表似乎与大型申报表归置在一起，大型申报表通常置于辖区卷宗末尾，其后通常随附土地与牲畜统计数据。
文员还为每个辖区分配了编号，该编号可标注在卷宗外侧（例如基辛角的"N2"、巴瑟斯特的"N37"），但户主申报表上并未标注该编号。

[4/1238.2] 中的《殖民地总摘要草案》附有34至52号辖区的编号清单（归档于卡斯尔希尔之后），但目前并无完整的同期辖区编号清单。新南威尔士殖民地总摘要表通常会合并两个或更多辖区。辖区编号应为文员为便于编制总摘要表的统计数据而分配。

政府机构（如劳工队（Iron Gangs）与医院）的申报表由文员从各自辖区中提取出来，集中归档于[4/1238.1]。现存两份清单：一份涵盖19家政府机构，另一份为"1828年11月1日向4033名不同流放犯（Convicts）及其他人员发放制服（Slop Clothing）的劳工队等机构总摘要"。这两份清单即构成1828年人口普查工作底稿（NRS 1275）。
随第二份清单附带的还有"1828年11月1日受雇于政府并领取制服的流放犯名单"，该名单共66页，收录了多达3933名流放犯，按其政府雇佣岗位（如第1劳工队、巴瑟斯特公路工程、帕拉马塔医院）分类，标注了姓名与搭乘船只信息。

背景
1828年6月30日，新南威尔士州立法会议（Legislative Council）通过《1828年人口普查法案》（9 Geo. IV No.5），全称《关于确定新南威尔士殖民地居民人数、姓名与状况，并确定殖民地内牲畜数量及已划定、已开垦与已耕种土地面积的法案》。(1)
治安法官须在辖区显眼处张贴公告，要求"每名户主、雇主、仆役所有者、牲畜所有者、土地业主或占用者"回答以下问题：
1. 与你共同居住在住宅内的人员的姓名、年龄与各自状况是什么？
2. 所有受你雇佣或服务的其他人员的姓名、年龄、状况与住所分别是什么？
3. 请列明所有上述最初抵达殖民地的王室流放犯的抵澳年份与搭乘船只。
4. 你所拥有的马匹、有角牲畜与绵羊的数量分别是多少？这些牲畜所在的辖区是哪里？
5. 你作为业主所拥有的土地面积是多少？该土地所在的辖区是哪里？其中已开垦与已耕种的面积分别是多少？该土地目前由谁占有？(2)
该法案还规定，若拒绝或疏忽回答上述问题，或提供虚假不实答案，治安法官可处以不超过10英镑的罚款。(3)
殖民大臣亚历山大·麦克利（Alexander McLeay）于1828年9月1日发布印刷版《1828年人口普查申报表填写指南》，并于同年9月18日发布通告，明确要求在开展"殖民地全面人口普查"时使用印刷制式表格。(4)

联合国教科文组织澳大利亚世界记忆名录
1828年人口普查档案于2019年2月27日被列入联合国教科文组织澳大利亚世界记忆名录。

注释
1. 1828年人口普查法案（9 Geo. IV No.5）。
2. 同上。
3. 同上。
4. 1828年9月1日发布的指南与1828年9月18日发布的通告，收录于NRS 906 特殊卷宗[殖民大臣档案]，1826年：1828年人口普查——指南、通告与所用表格样本 [4/1097]。

参考文献
《新南威尔士州1828年11月人口普查》，马尔科姆·R·S·圣蒂（Malcolm R S Sainty）与基思·A·约翰逊（Keith A Johnson）编，悉尼：澳大利亚历史图书馆，1980年出版，后于2001年以光盘形式增补信息再版，并于2008年推出修订版。简介（PDF版）《新南威尔士州1828年11月人口普查》可从澳大利亚传记数据库网站获取：https://www.bda-online.org.au/sources/musters-census/（2019年2月22日访问）。"