MECHANISM OF TEAR FILM DISRUPTION IN DRY EYE SYNDROME

Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and neurosensory dysfunction. Recent studies, including the DEWS II report developed by TFOS, have revised the classic three-layer model of the tear film, emphasizing that it is a dynamic and interconnected structure. The article analyzes the mechanisms of tear film disruption based on lipid layer deficiency, aqueous component depletion, mucin dysfunction, hyperosmolarity, and the inflammatory cascade.