New insights into floral morph variation in Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) in Tennessee, U.S.A.

Passiflora incarnata is a functionally andromonoecious clonal wildflower, native to the southeastern United States, whose primary pollinator is the carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica. While recent studies looking at reproductive ecology in P. incarnata have classified flowers as one of two morphs (male or hermaphroditic) based on stylar deflexion, preliminary field studies conducted in Tennessee indicated there were five distinct morphs present (three male, two hermaphroditic), supported by stylar deflexion, floral size, and pistil development. The present study sought to test the hypothesis that five distinct floral morphs are present in P. incarnata by sampling 13 floral characters, and to document variation in nectar constituents, volume, and concentration across the five morphs. Five well-established individual plants were examined at three sites in Cookeville, Tennessee. Two-factor permuted analysis of variance of 13 floral characteristics with floral morph and individual plants as ...卵叶西番莲（Passiflora incarnata）是一种雄全同株且具无性繁殖特性的野生花卉，原产于美国东南部，其主要传粉者为弗吉尼亚木蜂（Xylocopa virginica）。近期针对该物种繁殖生态学的研究，依据花柱偏转程度将其花划分为雄性花与两性花两类形态。而此前在田纳西州开展的预实验结果显示，该物种实际存在五种不同的花形态（3种雄性花、2种两性花），该结论得到了花柱偏转、花部大小及雌蕊发育特征的支撑。本研究通过测定13个花部性状，旨在验证卵叶西番莲存在五种不同花形态这一假说，并记录五种花形态间的花蜜成分、体积与浓度差异。研究人员在田纳西州库克维尔的三个样地中，选取5株生长健壮的成熟个体进行观测。针对13个花部性状，以花形态和个体植株为因素的双因素置换方差分析……