Do genetic structure and landscape heterogeneity impact color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander?

Landscape heterogeneity plays an important role in population structure and divergence, particularly for species with limited vagility. Here, we used a landscape genetic approach to identify how landscape and environmental variables affect genetic structure and color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander. The Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is widely distributed in northeastern North America and contains two common color morphs, striped and unstriped, that are divergent in ecology, behavior, and physiology. To quantify population structure, rates of gene flow, and genetic drift, we amplified 10 microsatellite loci from 648 individuals across 28 sampling localities. This study was conducted in northern Ohio, where populations of P. cinereus exhibit an unusually wide range of morph frequency variation. To test whether genetic distance was more correlated with morph frequency, elevation, canopy cover, waterways, ecological niche, or geographic distance, we used res...景观异质性（landscape heterogeneity）对种群结构与分化具有关键调控作用，尤其针对扩散能力有限的物种类群。本研究采用景观遗传学方法，探究景观与环境变量如何影响多态性蝾螈的种群遗传结构及色型频率。东部红背蝾螈（Plethodon cinereus）广泛分布于北美东北部，具有条纹型与非条纹型两种常见色型，二者在生态、行为与生理特征上均存在显著分化。为量化种群结构、基因流（gene flow）速率与遗传漂变（genetic drift）水平，我们对覆盖28个采样点位的648个个体的10个微卫星位点（microsatellite loci）进行了扩增。本研究设于俄亥俄州北部，该区域的P. cinereus种群展现出异常宽泛的色型频率变异范围。为检验遗传距离与色型频率、海拔、冠层覆盖度、水系、生态位或地理距离的相关性强弱，我们采用了……