La vivienda tradicional nahua en la Sierra Norte de Puebla y su proceso de transformación

Indigenous housing is an architectural manifestation that reveals the values, identity and ways of inhabiting these groups, expressed through its composition, and local construction materials and techniques, which maintain even pre-Hispanic features. As a result of modernity and processes of transculturation, it is in a strong process of transformation. This research was carried out in the Nahua community of San Miguel Tzinacapan, Cuetzalan, in the Sierra Norte region of Puebla, with the objective of knowing its current state and deepening its transformation process through a classification that shows its composition and a line of the process. of change suffered. The method used in this research was based on the architectural analysis of a statistical sample of 104 houses in the community.. It was found that the spatial composition has been modified, although almost half of these still maintain local materials and techniques, however, the use of industrialized inputs has become widespread since only 19% are built with natural materials, 43% are mixed, and 38% is considered modern housing. It is concluded that housing is a cultural element that is in a constant process of adaptation and reappropriation as a result of a new way of relating, maintaining the social values of the community.本土住宅（Indigenous housing）是一种建筑表征，其通过空间构成、本土建筑材料与营建技术彰显该原住民族群的价值观念、身份认同与栖居方式，甚至保留有前西班牙殖民时期的建筑特征。受现代化进程与文化转译（transculturation）影响，本土住宅正经历剧烈的转型过程。本研究于墨西哥普埃布拉州北塞拉地区库埃塔拉兰的圣米格尔·齐纳卡潘纳瓦（San Miguel Tzinacapan）纳瓦族（Nahua）社区开展，旨在探明该类住宅的当前现状，并通过梳理其空间构成与经历的变迁脉络，深化对其转型进程的认知。本研究采用的方法为，对该社区内104户住宅的统计样本展开建筑分析。研究发现，尽管近半数住宅仍沿用本土建筑材料与营建技术，但其空间构成已发生改变；当前工业化营建材料与手段的应用已十分普及：仅19%的住宅完全采用天然材料营建，43%为混合式营建，另有38%被归类为现代住宅。研究最终得出结论：住宅作为一种文化载体，正因新的社会联结方式持续处于适应与再重构的进程之中，同时维系着该社区的社会价值观念。