Comparison of the state-of-the-art chatbots features and applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) has influenced how we engage in our every day activities by designing and evaluating advanced applications and devices, called intelligent agents, which can perform various functions. A chatbot is an artificial intelligence program and a Human–computer Interaction (HCI) model. According to the dictionary, a chatbot is ‘‘A computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the Internet’’ (Chatbot |Definition of chatbot in English by Lexico Dictionaries, 2019). It uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis to communicate in human language by text or oral speech with humans or other chatbots. Artificial conversation entities, interactive agents, smart bots, and digital assistants are also known as chatbots. This is a comparison of the architectural features of the state-of-the-art chatbots as of 2022.人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，AI）通过设计与评估可实现多样功能的高级应用及设备——即AI智能体（AI Agent）——，革新了人类开展日常活动的方式。聊天机器人（Chatbot）是一类人工智能程序，同时也是人机交互（Human–Computer Interaction，HCI）模型。根据词典定义，聊天机器人是‘一种旨在模拟与人类用户进行对话的计算机程序，尤其适用于互联网场景’（Lexico词典2019年版《Chatbot |Definition of chatbot in English》）。该模型依托自然语言处理（Natural Language Processing，NLP）与情感分析技术，以文本或口语形式与人类或其他聊天机器人进行交流。人工对话实体、交互智能体、智能机器人及数字助手，均属于聊天机器人的范畴。本数据集对截至2022年的前沿顶尖聊天机器人的架构特性展开了对比分析。