Italian National Database of Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils

The abundance of indigenous Italian olive germplasm, numbering over 800 cultivars andrising, guarantees the ongoing production of high quality extra virgin olive oils, thus contributing to the preservation of much of the ancient genetic biodiversity of the olive. The Olea Europea species has maintained much of its genetic diversity as a result of limited genetic erosion. This is due to breeding programs of this species having begun relatively recently compared to those of other fruit species. Knowledge and development of the characteristics of Italian monovarietal extra virgin olive oils will also lead to an improvement in knowledge of the areas where these oils are produced, in turn developing tourism, a crucial sector for the Italian economy. In Italy, new regulation was recently introduced forcing virgin and extra virgin olive oil producers to indicate the location of both olive harvest and oil production. More recently the European Commission has established compulsory standards for the labelling of origin for extra virgin and virgin olive oils (Reg EC n.182/2009). The significant increase in demand for extra virgin olive oils is due not only to the health benefits it offers, but also to its organoleptic properties; the large number of Italian olive cultivars allows for the production of different monovarietal oils marked out by a wide range of pleasant flavours. As the genotype of origin affects the chemical and sensory characteristics of extra virginolive oil deeply, the preservation and characterization of authocthonous cultivars and clones play a key role in the marketing of high quality olive oils. Conservation of genetic resources for olives has important implications for both adaptationof the cultivars to their local environment and their agronomical performance under specific conditions. This also implies that every initiative to promote olive cultivation ought to take into consideration the local varieties and also that every region should preserve its own plant material to safeguard olive adaptation and productivity and to maintain the intrinsic characteristics of its olive oil which represent a deep connection with the territory of origin. Italian olive cultivation is marked out by its extremely rich and varied varietal heritage. Animportant objective being pursued by every region is the protection and preservation of autochthonous Italian olive cultivars. This can be seen in the spread of regional varietal catalogs and also in the ongoing rise in the number of monovarietal olive oils taking part in the Italian National Review of Monovarietal olive oils as organized by AMAP Marche.

意大利本土橄榄种质资源的丰富，数量超过800个品种且持续增加，确保了高品质特级初榨橄榄油的生产持续进行，从而有助于保护和保存橄榄的古老遗传多样性。欧洲橄榄（Olea Europea）物种因其遗传侵蚀有限而保持了大部分遗传多样性。这得益于与其它水果物种相比，该物种的育种计划相对较晚开始。对意大利单一品种特级初榨橄榄油特性的认识和开发，也将促进对这些橄榄油生产地的深入了解，进而推动旅游业的发展，这对于意大利经济至关重要。在意大利，新法规最近被引入，强制要求橄榄油和特级初榨橄榄油的生产商标明橄榄收获和油生产的位置。最近，欧盟委员会已为特级初榨橄榄油和橄榄油的原产地标签制定了强制性标准（Reg EC n.182/2009）。对特级初榨橄榄油需求的显著增加不仅归因于其提供的健康益处，还归因于其感官特性；意大利橄榄品种的众多允许生产出具有广泛愉悦风味的不同单一品种油。由于原产地基因型深刻影响着特级初榨橄榄油化学和感官特性，因此，对原产种和克隆的保存与鉴定在高品质橄榄油的市场推广中发挥着关键作用。橄榄遗传资源的保护对品种适应其本地环境及其在特定条件下的农艺表现具有重要意义。这也意味着，每一个旨在促进橄榄种植的举措都应考虑当地品种，并且每个地区都应保存其自身的植物材料，以保护橄榄的适应性和生产力，并维持其橄榄油固有的特性，这些特性与产地有着深厚的联系。意大利橄榄栽培以其极为丰富和多变的品种遗产而著称。每个地区追求的重要目标之一是保护和管理本土意大利橄榄品种。这可以从区域性品种目录的传播以及参与由AMAP Marche组织的意大利国家单一品种橄榄油评审的单一品种橄榄油数量的持续增加中看出。