Summary of mixed-effects model analyses for realized species richness, functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) based on a five-year study period from 2005–2009.

Models were fitted by stepwise inclusion of fixed effects. Listed are the results of likelihood ratio tests (L ratio) that were applied to assess model improvement and the statistical significance of the fixed effects (p values). Arrows indicate increase (↑) or decrease (↓) of the variables with species richness, functional group number, after seed addition, with increasing colonization period or with time; SR = initial species richness, FG = functional group number, ADD = seed addition in 2005, C = colonization period.