Data from three experiments investigating the impact of response frequency on the Simon effect

This dataset contains the data from three experiments investigating the impact of response frequency on the Simon effect. The Simon effect is a well-known effect of spatial S-R correspondence, which is assumed to reflect the difference in response conflict between spatially congruent and spatially incongruent conditions. The results of the three experiments are reported in a manuscript entitled "Response preparation and the Simon effect: Experimental and model-based analyses", authored by Herbert Heuer and Peter Wühr. This manuscript has been submitted for publication to the "Journal of Cognition". Here is the abstract of our manuscript: In choice between frequent and infrequent responses the Simon effect is larger for the frequent than for the infrequent response. We arbitrate between three hypotheses to account for this finding. The first hypothesis holds that it is a straightforward consequence of biased response preparation. The second hypothesis posits a facilitation of the shift of visual attention to the side of the prepared response in addition, and the third one an effect of the different frequencies of congruent and incongruent trials associated with the task-irrelevant stimulus locations. In three experiments we show the modulation of the Simon effect by relative response frequency, its independence from the distance between hands and monitor, and its almost complete elimination by valid response cues. These findings are in line with a primary role of biased response preparation. Consistent with this conclusion, in a model-based analysis, using extensions of the Leaky, Competing Accumulator model, differences between the probabilities of preparing the frequent and infrequent response were sufficient to produce the modulation of the Simon effect, though only poorly its dynamics as assessed by delta plots. However, these dynamics were produced by a model which implemented the hypothesis that response preparation implicates shielding against distraction in addition to anticipatory response activation. According to simulation results, the modulation of congruency effects by relative response frequency might depend on the particular type of congruency effect, specifically the temporal offset between the impacts of relevant and irrelevant stimuli.本数据集收录自三项探究反应频率对西蒙效应（Simon effect）影响的实验数据。西蒙效应是一种经典的空间刺激-反应对应效应，被认为可反映空间一致与空间不一致条件下的反应冲突差异。三项实验的结果已整理为题为《反应准备与西蒙效应：实验与基于模型的分析》的手稿，作者为Herbert Heuer与Peter Wühr。该手稿已提交至《Journal of Cognition》以待发表。以下为本研究手稿的摘要：在高频与低频反应的选择任务中，高频反应对应的西蒙效应强度大于低频反应。本研究针对该发现对三种假说进行了验证与取舍。第一种假说认为，该现象是反应准备偏向性的直接结果。第二种假说则额外提出，视觉注意向已准备反应的一侧转移会得到促进。第三种假说则认为，与任务无关刺激位置相关的一致试次与不一致试次的频率差异会产生影响。通过三项实验，本研究证实了相对反应频率对西蒙效应的调节作用、该效应不受手与显示器间距的影响，以及有效反应线索可几乎完全消除该效应。上述发现均支持反应准备偏向性的核心作用。与该结论一致，在基于模型的分析中，通过拓展泄漏竞争累加器模型（Leaky Competing Accumulator model），高频与低频反应的准备概率差异足以产生西蒙效应的调节作用，但仅能较弱地解释增量图（delta plots）所评估的反应时动态变化。然而，某一实现了特定假说的模型可复现该动态变化：该假说提出，反应准备除了包含预期性反应激活外，还涉及对干扰的屏蔽。根据模拟结果，相对反应频率对一致性效应的调节作用可能取决于一致性效应的具体类型，具体而言，取决于相关刺激与无关刺激的影响之间的时间偏移量。