Phylogeography, population structure, and species delimitation in rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome and Eudyptes moseleyi)

Rockhopper penguins are delimited as two species, the northern rockhopper (Eudyptes moseleyi) and the southern rockhopper (E. chrysocome), with the latter comprising two subspecies, the western rockhopper (E. c. chrysocome) and the eastern rockhopper (E. c. filholi). We conducted a phylogeographic study using multilocus data from 114 individuals sampled across 12 colonies from the entire range of the northern/southern rockhopper complex to assess potential population structure, gene flow and species limits. Bayesian and likelihood methods with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, including model testing and heuristic approaches, support E. moseleyi and E. chrysocome as distinct species lineages with a divergence time of 0.97 Ma. However, these analyses also indicated the presence of gene flow between these species. Among southern rockhopper subspecies, we found evidence of significant gene flow and heuristic approaches to species delimitation based on the genealogical diversity index failed t...跳岩企鹅（Rockhopper penguin）被划分为两个物种：北跳岩企鹅（Eudyptes moseleyi）与南跳岩企鹅（E. chrysocome），其中南跳岩企鹅包含两个亚种，即西跳岩企鹅（E. c. chrysocome）与东跳岩企鹅（E. c. filholi）。本研究从南北跳岩企鹅复合群的整个分布范围内的12个繁殖群落中，采集了114只个体的多位点数据，开展系统地理学研究，以评估其潜在的种群结构、基因流与物种界限。基于核DNA与线粒体DNA的贝叶斯法和最大似然法（涵盖模型检验与启发式分析方法）的分析结果支持Eudyptes moseleyi与E. chrysocome为独立的物种支系，二者的分化时间为0.97 Ma。不过，这些分析同时也揭示了这两个物种间存在基因交流。在南跳岩企鹅的亚种间，本研究发现了显著基因流的证据，而基于谱系多样性指数的物种界定启发式方法未能……