Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology Metrics and Causality Analyses Across Spanish Marine Ecoregions Under Climate Variability [Dataset]

This repository contains the complete dataset and computational workflows supporting the study on climate-driven shifts in phytoplankton bloom phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions. It includes derived phenological metrics (i.e., bloom maximum, amplitude, initiation, termination, peak timing, frequency, duration, cumulative chlorophyll-a, and seasonal cycle reproducibility) based on 26 years of Copernicus L4 chlorophyll-a multi-satellite observations at 1 km horizontal resolution. Additionally, it hosts the outputs of spatiotemporal causality analyses through (Geographical) Convergent Cross Mapping, which identify nonlinear interactions between phyotplankton bloom dynamics and climate extremes such as marine heatwaves and high-speed wind events. The repository provides fully reproducible code for data preprocessing, phenological indices extraction, causal inference modeling, and figure representation for both the main manuscript and supplementary materials. These resources enable deeper exploration of the mechanistic links between climate variability and ecosystem responses in coastal marine systems. This work facilitates future research on ecological forecasting under transient climatic perturbations and contributes to the understanding of regional-scale biophysical coupling in the ocean.