Data_Sheet_1_Time Interaction With Two Spatial Dimensions: From Left/Right to Near/Far.docx

In this study, we explored the time and space relationship according to two different spatial codings, namely, the left/right extension and the reachability of stimulus along a near/far dimension. Four experiments were carried out in which healthy participants performed the time and spatial bisection tasks in near/far space, before and after short or long tool-use training. Stimuli were prebisected horizontal lines of different temporal durations in which the midpoint was manipulated according to the Muller-Lyer illusion. The perceptual illusory effects emerged in spatial but not temporal judgments. We revealed that temporal and spatial representations dynamically change according to the action potentialities of an individual: temporal duration was perceived as shorter and the perceived line’s midpoint was shifted to the left in far than in near space. Crucially, this dissociation disappeared following a long but not short tool-use training. Finally, we observed age-related differences in spatial attention which may be crucial in building the memory temporal standard to categorize durations.

在本项研究中，我们依据两种不同的空间编码方式——即左右延伸及刺激在近/远维度上的可达性——探讨了时间与空间之间的关系。研究共进行了四次实验，健康参与者分别在短期或长期工具使用训练前后，在近/远空间中执行时间与空间二分任务。实验刺激为不同时间持续性的预分割水平线，其中中点根据穆勒-莱尔错觉进行调整。在空间判断而非时间判断中出现了感知错觉效应。我们发现，时间与空间表征会根据个体动作电位动态变化：在远空间中，感知的时间持续时间较短，感知到的线段中点向左偏移，而在近空间中则不然。关键的是，这种分离现象在长期而非短期工具使用训练后消失。最终，我们观察到与年龄相关的空间注意力差异，这在构建记忆时间标准以分类持续时间方面可能至关重要。