An evolutionary differential game for regulating the role of monoclonal antibodies in treating signaling pathways in esophageal cancer

This work presents a new framework for a competitive evolutionary game between monoclonal antibodies and signaling pathways in esophageal cancer. The framework is based on a novel mathematical model that takes into account the dynamic progression of signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, and monoclonal antibody therapies. The analysis and computation of two game-theoretic strategies, Stackelberg and Nash's equilibria, are conducted within this framework to ascertain the most favorable outcome for the patient. By comparing Stackelberg equilibria to Nash equilibria, numerical experiments show that the Stackelberg equilibria are superior for treating signaling pathways and are critical for the success of monoclonal antibodies in improving esophageal cancer patient outcomes.