"Table 172" of "Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV"

The first measurements of elliptic flow of $\mathrm{\pi}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{K}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}$, $\Lambda+\bar{\Lambda}$, $\mathrm{\phi}$, $\mathrm{\Xi^{\mp}}$, and $\mathrm{\Omega^{\mp}}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- ($v_2\{2\}$) and four-particle cumulants ($v_2\{4\}$) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$ also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark--gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low $p_{\rm T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range.本文报道了在核子-核子质心系能量√s_NN=5.02 TeV的铅-铅（Pb--Pb）碰撞中，利用多粒子累积量（multiparticle cumulants）对π±、K±、p+$ar{p}$、K_S^0、Λ+$ar{Λ}$、φ、Ψ∓和Ω∓进行椭圆流（elliptic flow）的首次测量。基于两粒子累积量（v2{2}）与四粒子累积量（v2{4}）得到的结果，被展示为不同碰撞中心度区间下横向动量（transverse momentum, $p_{ m T}$）的函数。结合v2{2}与v2{4}的实验数据，我们还首次报道了不同强子种类的平均椭圆流、椭圆流涨落以及相对椭圆流涨落的测量结果。上述可观测量可用于探究初始态（initial state）的逐事件偏心率涨落，以及膨胀夸克胶子等离子体（quark-gluon plasma）的动力学演化贡献。此前利用两粒子关联（two-particle correlations）对已鉴别强子开展的$p_{ m T}$微分各向异性流测量中观测到的特征——即在低$p_{ m T}$区域呈现的质量序关系，以及中$p_{ m T}$区域随组分夸克（constituent quarks）数目的近似标度行为——在四粒子关联（four-particle correlations）以及v2{2}与v2{4}的组合结果中同样存在。此外，我们观测到椭圆流涨落存在强子种类依赖性，这一现象或暗示末态强相互作用（final state hadronic interactions）存在显著贡献。将实验测量结果与结合了流体力学（hydrodynamics）、夸克聚结（quark coalescence）与喷注碎裂（jet fragmentation）等多种物理过程的CoLBT模型（CoLBT model）计算结果进行对比，可展现上述物理过程在宽泛$p_{ m T}$区间内的重要性。