Data from: Resurrection and new species of the Neotropical genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron clade)

Previous studies have shown Homalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2–4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelonema allenii, A. crinipes, A. hammelii, A. kvistii, A. moffleriana, A. peltata, A. picturata, A. roezlii, A. speariae, A. wallisii, and A. wendlandii.既往研究表明，传统定义下的千年健属（Homalomena）为复系群，其新热带类群与亚洲类群在系统发育上彼此分化。本研究针对10个新热带类群的29份标本材料，以及涵盖千年健属（Homalomena）、富尔塔多芋属（Furtadoa）、喜林芋属（Philodendron）共92个类群的135份标本，对细胞核内部转录间隔区（nuclear ITS）及质体matK基因（plastid matK）序列进行分析，结果支持恢复Adelonema属的分类地位，用以容纳当前划归千年健属的新热带类群。本研究将Adelonema界定为新热带分布属，共计16个物种，并基于形态学佐证的分子系统学结果，将其划分为2个新组：sect. Adelonema与sect. Curmeria。该属的鉴别特征为：具地下根状茎，压碎的营养组织散发茴香气，叶柄具宽大叶鞘且有时具皮刺，叶片纸质并常具斑纹；肉穗花序要么斜生于佛焰苞/花序梗之上（对应sect. Adelonema组），要么具明显柄部（对应sect. Curmeria组）；子房2-4室，每室具多枚胚珠，胚珠为倒生胚珠且着生于中轴胎座上。本研究描述了4个新种：Adelonema orientalis、A. palidinervia、A. panamensis及A. yanamonoensis。同时发表了11个新组合类群：Adelonema allenii、A. crinipes、A. hammelii、A. kvistii、A. moffleriana、A. peltata、A. picturata、A. roezlii、A. speariae、A. wallisii及A. wendlandii。