Effects of changes in Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Zoning plans on deep shoals off Cairns (MTSRF Project 4.8.2)
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A baseline survey of green (no-take) zoned sites and blue (open to fishing) sites in adjacent areas of the northern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was carried out in December 2006. Three paired sites were surveyed in the Cairns region on deepwater shoals in the vicinity of Green Island and Michaelmas Reef (one green, one blue site off each), and Hastings (Green) and Oyster (blue) Reefs. Assessment of the fish communities was enumerated using baited underwater video sets (BRUVS) and habitat was characterised by towed video. Observations (690) identified 124 species from 33 families, of which 24 species were identified as targeted by fishers.
Primary substrate (MudSand; Sand; SandCoarse; SandForams; SandHoles; Rubble; Rock; Bedrock; Reef); epibenthic classes (MacroAlgae; Seagrass; Burrowers; FilterFeeders; HardCoral; Isolates; None); and functional units (algae/invertebrates; corallivore; generalist carnivore; generalist; macrocarnivore; herbivore; invertebrate carnivore; macroinvertebrate; carnivore; piscivore; sponges/invertebrates; zooplanktivore) were recorded.
Habitat mapping features assessed from towed video:
Individual organisms: Anemone; Ascidian; Bryozoan; Crinoid; Gastropod; Holothurian; Hydroid; Icelet; Solitary Hard Coral; Solitary Soft Coral; Starfish; Urchin
Substrate: No Sediment; Soft Mud; Silt - Sandy mud; Sand; Coarse Sand; Sand Rubble Forams; Rubble, 5-50mm; Stones, 50-250mm; Rocks, > 250mm; Reef
Benthic class: Seagrass (Sparse, Medium, Dense); Algae (Sparse, Medium, Dense); Whip Garden (Sparse, Medium, Dense); Gorgonian Garden (Sparse, Medium, Dense); Porifera (Sponge) Garden (Sparse, Medium, Dense); Hard Coral Garden (Flowerpots - Sparse, Medium, Dense); Live Reef Corals; Caulerpa; Halimeda; Bivalve Shell Beds; Tube Polychaete Beds; Burrowing Animals (Bioturbated Mud); Flora; null.
2006年12月,研究团队针对大堡礁海洋公园(Great Barrier Reef Marine Park)北部邻近区域的绿色(禁捕)保护区站点与蓝色(开放捕捞)区域站点开展了基线调查。本次调查在凯恩斯区域的绿岛(Green Island)与迈克尔马斯礁(Michaelmas Reef)周边的深水浅滩处设置了3组配对采样点(每组各设1个绿色禁捕站点与1个蓝色开放捕捞站点),同时涵盖黑斯廷斯礁(Hastings Reef,绿色禁捕)与奥斯特礁(Oyster Reef,蓝色开放)。研究采用诱饵式水下视频采样系统(Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems,BRUVS)对鱼类群落进行计数统计,并通过拖曳式视频调查对生境进行特征表征。本次调查共获得690组有效观测数据,涵盖33个科的124种鱼类,其中24种被认定为渔民的目标捕捞物种。
本次调查记录的生境分类包括:初级底质(Primary Substrate):泥砂(MudSand)、砂(Sand)、粗砂(SandCoarse)、有孔虫砂(SandForams)、砂质孔洞(SandHoles)、碎石(Rubble)、岩石(Rock)、基岩(Bedrock)、礁体(Reef);表生底栖类群(Epibenthic Classes):大型藻类(MacroAlgae)、海草(Seagrass)、穴居生物(Burrowers)、滤食生物(FilterFeeders)、硬珊瑚(HardCoral)、孤立类群(Isolates)、无覆盖(None);以及功能类群(Functional Units):藻类/无脊椎动物(algae/invertebrates)、珊瑚食性者(corallivore)、广食性肉食动物(generalist carnivore)、广食性类群(generalist)、大型肉食动物(macrocarnivore)、草食动物(herbivore)、无脊椎肉食动物(invertebrate carnivore)、大型无脊椎动物(macroinvertebrate)、肉食动物(carnivore)、食鱼动物(piscivore)、海绵/无脊椎动物(sponges/invertebrates)、浮游动物食性者(zooplanktivore)。
基于拖曳式视频调查评估的生境制图特征如下:
个体生物(Individual organisms):海葵(Anemone)、被囊动物(Ascidian)、苔藓虫(Bryozoan)、海百合(Crinoid)、腹足类(Gastropod)、海参(Holothurian)、水螅虫(Hydroid)、冰屑(Icelet)、孤立硬珊瑚(Solitary Hard Coral)、孤立软珊瑚(Solitary Soft Coral)、海星(Starfish)、海胆(Urchin)
底质(Substrate):无沉积物(No Sediment)、软泥(Soft Mud)、粉砂质泥(Silt - Sandy mud)、砂(Sand)、粗砂(Coarse Sand)、砂质有孔虫碎石(Sand Rubble Forams)、5-50mm碎石(Rubble, 5-50mm)、50-250mm石块(Stones, 50-250mm)、直径>250mm岩石(Rocks, > 250mm)、礁体(Reef)
底栖类群(Benthic class):海草(分稀疏、中等、密集)(Seagrass (Sparse, Medium, Dense))、藻类(分稀疏、中等、密集)(Algae (Sparse, Medium, Dense))、鞭毛藻丛(分稀疏、中等、密集)(Whip Garden (Sparse, Medium, Dense))、柳珊瑚丛(分稀疏、中等、密集)(Gorgonian Garden (Sparse, Medium, Dense))、海绵丛(分稀疏、中等、密集)(Porifera (Sponge) Garden (Sparse, Medium, Dense))、硬珊瑚丛(花盆型-分稀疏、中等、密集)(Hard Coral Garden (Flowerpots - Sparse, Medium, Dense))、活礁珊瑚(Live Reef Corals)、蕨藻属(Caulerpa)、仙掌藻属(Halimeda)、双壳贝床(Bivalve Shell Beds)、多毛类管栖床(Tube Polychaete Beds)、穴居动物(生物扰动泥)(Burrowing Animals (Bioturbated Mud))、植物群(Flora)、无数据(null)
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