Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies generated by three inverse models (LIM, NLIM and CS-LIM)

Data supporting paper "A Hierarchy of Simple Models for Understanding Chile Niño/Niña" by Concha, Martinez-Villalobos and Dewitte (in preparation). Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), zonal wind (U) and meridional wind (V) anomalies generated by a linear inverse model (LIM) (Penland and Sardeshmukh 1995), cyclostationary linear inverse model (Shin et al., 2021; Vimont et al., 2022), and a nonlinear inverse model (Kondrashov et al., 2005; Martinez-Villalobos et al., 2024). The data consists in 10 realizations (LIM_output_XXX.nc, CSLIM_output_XXX.nc, NLIM_output_XXX.nc) of 1,000yrs years each emulating SST, U, and V monthly anomalies conditions during 1948-2022. For observations, we used the NOAA Extended Reconstruction SST v5 reanalysis (SST; Huang et al., 2017) and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (winds; Kalnay et al., 1996). The output from the inverse models was prepared following closely Martinez-Villalobos et al., 2024 methodology but with the added improvement that the stochastic forcing is spatially coherent in this formulation. More details will be found in Concha et al., References Concha, E., Martinez-Villalobos, C., Dewitte, B. A Hierarchy of Simple Models for Understanding Chile Niño/Niña. In preparation Huang, B. et al. Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons. Journal of Climate 30, 8179–8205 (2017). Kalnay, E. et al. The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77, 437–471 (1996). Kondrashov, D., S. Kravtsov, A. W. Robertson, and M. Ghil, 2005: A Hierarchy of Data-Based ENSO Models. J. Climate, 18, 4425–4444 Martinez-Villalobos, C., Dewitte, B., Garreaud, R.D. et al. Extreme coastal El Niño events are tightly linked to the development of the Pacific Meridional Modes. npj Clim Atmos Sci 7, 123 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00675-5 Penland, C., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: The Optimal Growth of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies. J. Climate, 8, 1999–2024 Shin, S., P. D. Sardeshmukh, M. Newman, C. Penland, and M. A. Alexander, 2021: Impact of Annual Cycle on ENSO Variability and Predictability. J. Climate, 34, 171–193 Vimont, D. J., M. Newman, D. S. Battisti, and S. Shin, 2022: The Role of Seasonality and the ENSO Mode in Central and East Pacific ENSO Growth and Evolution. J. Climate, 35, 3195–3209