Comparative transcriptomic insights into key genes for biomass production and lipid synthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana mutated by argon and air atmospheric and room temperature plasma at different culture stages: common mechanisms and unique differen

In short, current research has not systematically assessed the effects of ARTP mutagenesis on microalgal lipid production across different gas sources and growth stages. This study filled this gap by examining Chlorella sorokiniana, a promising species for biodiesel, under argon and air ARTP mutagenesis. It hypothesized that distinct gene expression patterns related to lipid synthesis vary significantly across growth phases and treatments, influencing lipid accumulation. By tracking lipid production and performing transcriptome analysis through slow-growth, fast-growth, and stable-growth stages, this study identified key stages and genes in lipid synthesis, highlighting potential regulatory targets for enhancing lipid production. Findings reveal that certain gene expression profiles are essential for lipid synthesis, with evidence suggesting that mid-growth (fast-growth) phases are crucial for optimizing lipid yield. In addition, a number of specific genes were identified as promising candidates for improving lipid production by means of gene editing and regulation of complex genetic networks.These findings will enhance understanding of the genetic factors underpinning lipid accumulation in microalgae, offering directions for targeted genetic modifications. By elucidating the genetic mechanisms involved, this study not only bridges significant knowledge gaps, but also supports the development of efficient microalgal biodiesel production strategies, thereby advancing the commercial viability of microalgae as a sustainable energy source.