Impact of Mare Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles on Proliferation, Phagocytosis, and Migration in RAW264.7 Macrophage

Mare milk is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, suggesting that its exosomes may possess immunomodulatory properties. We used microarray technology to profile the global gene expression of mare milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (MM-sEVs) and identified distinct classes of differentially expressed miRNAs targeting pathways and associated with diseases. Mare milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (MM-sEVs) were isolated from three individual horses (T1, T2, T3) for RNA extraction and hybridization on microarrays. The study aimed to profile miRNA expression and identify targeted pathways and disease associations. Samples were collected to assess biological variability among different equine sources