Hydrochemical data, Mule Hole, India

This data set contains the data related to the chemical composition of rain, stream and groundwater: the electrical conductivity (EC; µS/cm), pH and major ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3−, SO42−, F−, Cl−; µmol/L) are measured by default. Dissolved silica (Si; µmol/L), total alkalinity (Alk; µeq/L), dissolved organic carbon (DOC; mg/L), water temperature (WT; °C) are regularly measured in the stream and groundwater and less frequently in rainwater. Suspended particulate matter (SPM; mg/L) is measured only in the stream.

Rainfall geochemical monitoring was initiated in June 2003. Rain sampling relied on the Forest Dept staff posted at the Mule Hole checkpost, which was less available in the recent years. The main gaps occurred for the years 2010-2012 and 2017, some minor (one to several months) occurred in 2007, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019.

Stream geochemical monitoring was initiated in April 2004. It relies on a battery-operated automatic sampler triggered by a water level probe. The main gaps, due to sampler failure, occurred for the years 2006-2008, 2015-2016, 2018 and due to access restrictions in 2011-2012.

Groundwater geochemical monitoring was initiated in 2003 (P1 to P6) or 2004 (P7 to P13). Based on a manual sampling with a bailer, this monitoring was interrupted from May 2011 to October 2012 due to restricted access to the forest. Additional missing cation data for several consecutive months concern: P1 (Oct. 2007 to March 2008, May to Sept. 2010), P3 (2007 and end of 2008), P6 (end of 2007, gaps in Ca data for several years), P7 (end of 2007, gaps in Ca data for other years), P9 (no cation data until 2012), P10 (sparse Ca gaps), P12 (sparse cation data until 2007, gap between august 2008 and March 2009), P13 (2007, 2008, 2009). Missing anion data for several consecutive months concern P1, P3, P5, P10, P12, P13 (most of 2010).