Reproductive senescence and mating tactic interact and conflict to drive reproductive success in a passerine

An understanding of the drivers of individual fitness is a fundamental component of evolutionary ecology and life-history theory. Reproductive senescence, mate and mating tactic choice, and latent heterogeneity in individual quality interact to affect individual fitness. We sought to disentangle the effects of these fitness drivers, where longitudinal data are required to understand their respective impacts. We used reproductive allocation and success data from a long-term (1989-2018) study of white-throated dippers (Cinclus cinclus) in Switzerland to simultaneously examine the effects of female and male age, mating tactic, nest initiation date, and individual heterogeneity on reproductive performance. We modeled quadratic and categorical effects of age on reproductive parameters. The probability of polygyny increased with age in both sexes before declining in older age classes. Similarly, hatching probability in monogamous pairs and the number of nestlings hatched in both monogamous an..., Demographic research on dippers was conducted at three small to medium-sized drainages (Ku¨snacht, Sihl, and Wehrenbach) near the city of Zurich, Switzerland. For 30 years (1989-2018) breeding dippers (30-70 pairs/yr) were marked with metal rings and plastic color markers and associated with nests through resighting of marked individuals and their behavior. Nests were located by carefully searching streams flowing into the northern portion of Lake Zurich from February to June. The mating tactic for each nest was determined through observation of male and female behavior. Previous research has demonstrated low extra-pair paternity in this (&lt;0.01; Becker et al. 2015) and other (&lt;0.02; Øigarden et al. 2010) dipper populations. Reproductive attempts were monitored to cessation, and observers recorded whether or not a nest hatched offspring (γ) and the number of hatchlings from each nest conditional on success (ξ). Nestlings were also marked with metal rings and plastic color markers p..., Required tools: R, JAGS, jagsUI明晰个体适合度的驱动因子，是进化生态学与生活史理论的核心组成部分。生殖衰老、配偶与交配策略选择，以及个体质量的潜在异质性，共同交互影响个体适合度。本研究旨在厘清这些适合度驱动因子的效应——要理解它们各自的影响，需依赖纵向观测数据。 我们利用瑞士境内一项长达30年（1989-2018年）的白喉河乌（Cinclus cinclus）长期研究中的繁殖投入与繁殖成功率数据，同时检验雌雄年龄、交配策略、巢起始日期以及个体异质性对繁殖表现的影响。我们针对繁殖参数构建了年龄的二次效应与分类效应模型。一雄多雌的发生概率随雌雄个体年龄增长先升高，在高龄种群中则逐渐下降。类似地，单配制配对的孵化概率以及单配制…… 本研究针对河乌的种群生态学研究，在瑞士苏黎世市附近的三条中小型溪流流域（屈斯纳赫特、锡尔与韦伦巴赫）开展。1989年至2018年的30年间，研究人员为繁殖期河乌（每年30~70对）佩戴金属脚环与塑料彩色脚标，并通过重捕标记个体及其行为记录，将个体与巢穴进行匹配。每年2月至6月，研究人员通过细致搜寻注入苏黎世湖北部的溪流，以定位巢穴。通过观察雌雄个体的行为，确定每一处巢穴对应的交配策略。既往研究表明，该种群（<0.01；Becker等，2015）与其他河乌种群（<0.02；Øigarden等，2010）的婚外父权比例均较低。研究人员对繁殖尝试全程监测至结束，记录巢穴是否成功孵出幼鸟（γ），以及成功孵出的巢穴的幼鸟出壳数量（ξ）。幼鸟也被佩戴金属脚环与塑料彩色脚标…… 所需工具：R、JAGS、jagsUI