Data from: The genetic structure of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, populations in China: haplotype variance in Northern populations and potential impact on management of resistance to transgenic maize

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a severe pest that
infests cultivated maize in the major production regions of China.
Populations show genotype-by-environment variation in voltinism, such that
populations with a single generation (univoltine) are fixed in Northern
China where growing seasons are short. Low genetic differentiation was
found among samples from 33 collection sites across China and one site
from North Korea (n = 1,673) using variation at 6 nuclear microsatellite
loci (ENA corrected global FST = 0.020; P-value < 0.05). Analysis
of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that geographic region, number of
generations or voltinism accounted for < 0.38% of the total genetic
variation at nuclear loci and was corroborated by clustering of
co-ancestries among genotypes using the program STRUCTURE. In contrast, a
mitochondrial haplotype network identified four distinct clusters, where
70.5% of samples from univoltine populations were within a single group.
Univoltine populations were also placed into a unique cluster using
Population Graph and Principal Component analyses, which showed
significant differentiation with multivoltine populations (ST = 0.400;
P-value < 0.01). This study suggests that gene flow among O.
furnacalis in China may be high among regions, with the exception of
northeastern localities. Haplotype variation may be due to random genetic
drift resulting from partial reproductive isolation between univoltine and
multivoltine O. furnacalis populations. Such reproductive isolation might
impact the potential spread of alleles that confer resistance to
transgenic maize in China.