Phylogeographic pattern of the plane leaf miner, Phyllonorycter platani (STAUDINGER, 1870) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Europe

Background: The plane leaf miner, Phyllonorycter platani is a widely distributed insect species on plane trees and has a well-documented colonisation history in Europe over the last century. However, phylogeographic data of the species are lacking. Results: We analysed 284 individuals from 38 populations across Europe, Asia, and North America. A 1242bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene and an 893bp fragment of the 28S rDNA has been Sanger sequenced. Twenty-four haplotypes were detected on the COI gene, and two alleles were identified on the 28S rDNA. We revealed two distinct clades for both markers reflecting the geographic origins, Asia and Europe. The genetic distance between the two main clades is 2.08% on the COI gene and 0.10% on the nuclear DNA. An overlapping zone of the two clades was found across Eastern Europe and the Anatolian Peninsula. We detected heterozygote individuals of the 28S rDNA gene in Moldavia, Ukraine and in the southern part of Turkey. These suggest that t...背景：悬铃木潜蛾（Phyllonorycter platani）是广泛分布于悬铃木上的昆虫物种，其近一个世纪以来在欧洲的定殖历史已有充分文献记载。然而，该物种的谱系地理学（phylogeography）数据仍较为匮乏。结果：本研究分析了采自欧洲、亚洲及北美洲38个种群的284头个体。对线粒体COI基因（mitochondrial COI gene）的1242bp片段与28S rDNA的893bp片段进行了桑格测序（Sanger sequencing）。其中，COI基因共检测到24个单倍型（haplotype），28S rDNA则鉴定出2个等位基因（allele）。基于两种分子标记均揭示出两个分别对应亚洲与欧洲地理起源的独立进化枝（clade）。两个主要进化枝间的遗传距离在COI基因中为2.08%，在核DNA（nuclear DNA）中为0.10%。在东欧与安纳托利亚半岛（Anatolian Peninsula）区域发现了两个进化枝的重叠分布带。在摩尔多瓦（Moldavia）、乌克兰（Ukraine）及土耳其南部地区检测到28S rDNA的杂合子（heterozygote）个体。上述结果表明