Habitual coffee and caffeinated beverages consumption is inversely associated with arterial stiffness and central and peripheral blood pressure

The effects of chronic coffee consumption on the cardiovascular system are still under debate. Aortic stiffness, wave reflections, and central and peripheral blood pressure (BP) are milestone indicators of cardiovascular-risk. We sought to investigate the association between coffee and caffeine consumption, arterial stiffness, and central/peripheral BP. Aortic stiffness was evaluated via pulse wave velocity (PWV); wave reflections with the augmentation index (AIx);peripheral systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and central BP (cSBP/cDBP) were non-invasively assessed. Coffee and caffeine consumption was ascertained using a questionnaire. A linear inverse relationship between coffee and caffeine consumption and arterial stiffness and central and peripheral BP was found.Light coffee and caffeine consumers showed β-coefficients for PWV–0.15, SBP–3.61, DBP–2.48, cSBP–3.21, and cDBP-2.18 (all p values