Monthly and spatially resolved black carbon emission inventory of India: 2011

Black carbon (BC) emissions from India for the year 2011 are estimated to be 901.11 ± 151.56 Gg/yr based on a new ground-up, GIS-based inventory. The grid-based, spatially resolved emission inventory includes, in addition to conventional sources, emissions from kerosene lamps, forest fires, diesel-powered irrigation pumps and electricity generators at mobile towers. The emissions have been estimated at district level and were spatially distributed onto grids at a resolution of 40 × 40 km**2. The uncertainty in emissions has been estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation by considering the variability in activity data and emission factors. Monthly variation of BC emissions has also been estimated to account for the seasonal variability. To the total BC emissions, domestic fuels contributed most significantly (47 %), followed by industry (22 %), transport (17 %), open burning (12 %) and others (2 %). The spatial and seasonal resolution of the inventory will be useful for modeling BC transport in the atmosphere for air quality, global warming and other process-level studies that require greater temporal resolution than traditional inventories.基于全新的自下而上、基于地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）的排放清单，本研究估算得到印度2011年的黑碳（Black Carbon, BC）排放量为901.11 ± 151.56 Gg/年。这套基于网格的空间分辨排放清单，除常规排放源外，还涵盖了煤油灯、森林火灾、柴油灌溉泵以及移动基站发电机的黑碳排放。排放量以县级行政区为单位进行估算，并被空间分配至分辨率为40×40平方千米的网格中。本研究采用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）模拟方法，结合活动数据与排放因子的变异性，估算了排放量的不确定性。同时还估算了黑碳排放的月度变化特征，以体现季节变异性。在印度总黑碳排放量中，生活燃料占比最高（47%），其次为工业源（22%）、交通源（17%）、露天焚烧（12%）及其他源（2%）。该排放清单具备的空间与季节分辨率，可用于大气黑碳传输模拟，助力空气质量、全球变暖及其他相较于传统排放清单需要更高时间分辨率的过程级研究。