Phasing in and out of phytophagy: Phylogeny and evolution of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) based on Ultraconserved Elements

We present the first global molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Eurytomidae, a group of chalcidoid wasps with diverse biology, with a representative sampling (197 ingroups and 11 outgroups) that covers all described subfamilies, and 70% of the known genera. Analyses of 962 Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCEs) with concatenation (IQ-TREE) and multispecies coalescent approaches (ASTRAL) resulted in highly supported topologies in recovering the monophyly of Eurytomidae and its four subfamilies. The taxonomy of Eurytomidae, and in particular the large subfamily Eurytominae, needs major revisions as most large genera are recovered as para- or polyphyletic, and the erection of multiple new genera is required in the future to accommodate these taxa. Here, we synonymize the genera Cathilaria (C. certa, C. globiventris, C. opuntiae, and C. rigidae) and the monotypic Aiolomorphus rhopaloides within Tetramesa syn. nov., Parabruchophagus (P. kazakhstanicus, P. nikolskaji, P. rasnitsyni, P. ..., , # Phasing in and out of phytophagy: Phylogeny and evolution of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) based on Ultraconserved Elements

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzsnt](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzsnt)

This repository is associated with Zhang YM, Delvare G, Blaimer BB, Cruaud A, Rasplus J-Y, Brady SG, Gates MW. (2025). Phasing in and out of phytophagy: phylogeny and evolution of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) based on Ultraconserved Elements. Systematic Entomology, *In Press*. [https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12682](https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12682)

In this study we used Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) to reconstruct the phylogeny of Eurytomidae. We performed a series of analyses in IQ-TREE (regular analysis, filtered using SRH + concordance factors, and PMSF models for amino acid datasets) and ASTRAL-III (individual gene trees calculated using IQ-TREE) on a total of four matrices: 50% complete and 70% complete matrix for nucleotide data,...,