黑河流域中游土地利用/土地覆被数据集（2011）

黑河流域2011年土地利用/土地覆被数据集是中国科学院寒旱所遥感研究室，以GIS为手段，基于2011年LandsaTM和ETM遥感数据，结合野外考察验证，建立了黑河流域1：10万土地利用/土地覆被影像和矢量数据库。
该数据集所包括的内容主要是黑河流域中游1:10万土地利用图形数据和属性数据。
黑河流域1：10万（2011年）土地覆被数据和以往土地覆被采用同一个分层的土地覆被分类系统，将全流域划分为6个一级类（耕地、林地、草地、水域、城镇和农村居民及工矿用地和未利用土地），25个二级类；数据类型为矢量多边形，以Shape格式存储。
土地覆被分类属性：
一级类型 二级类型 属性编码 空间分布位置
耕地:平原旱地 123 主要分布在盆地、山前带、河流冲积、洪积或湖积平原（水源短缺灌溉条件较差）。
丘陵旱地 122 主要分布在丘陵区，一般状况下地块分布在丘陵的缓坡以及墚、卯之上。
山区旱地 121 主要分布在山区，海拔在4000米以下的山坡（缓坡、山腰、陡坡台地等）及山前带上。
林地:有林地（乔木） 21 主要分布在高山（海拔4000米以下）或中山坡地、谷地两坡、山顶、平原等。
灌木林地 22 主要分布在较高的山区（4500米以下），多数分布山坡和山谷及沙地。
疏林地 23 主要分布在山区、丘陵、平原及沙地、戈壁（壤质、沙砾质）边缘。
其他林地 24 主要分布在绿洲田埂，河边、路边及农村居民点周围。
草地:高覆被草地 31 一般分布在山区（缓坡）、丘陵（陡坡）及河间滩地、戈壁、沙地丘间等。
中覆被草地 32 主要分布在较干燥地方（隔壁低洼地和沙地丘间地等）。
低覆被草地 33 主要生长在较干燥地方(黄土丘陵上和沙地边缘)。
水域:河渠 41 主要分布在平原、川间耕地以及山间沟谷内。
湖泊 42 主要分布在地势低洼地区。
水库坑塘 43主要分布在平原、川间谷内，周围有居民地和耕地。
冰川及永久性积雪 44 主要分布在（4000以上）高山顶部。
河滩地 46 主要分布在高中低山坡面沟谷、山前、平原低地、河湖盆边缘等。
居民地:城镇用地 51主要分布在平原、山区盆地、坡地及沟谷地台地。
农村居民地 52主要分布在绿洲、耕地及路边、塬面、坡上等。
工矿和交通用地 53一般分布在城镇外围、交通较发达区域和工业采矿区。
未利用土地:沙地 61大多分布在盆地、河流两侧、河湾及山前戈壁外围。
戈壁 62主要分布在风蚀较强有沙源物质输送的山前带。
盐碱 63主要分布在相对较低易积水及干湖泊及湖泊边。
沼泽 64主要分布在相对较低易积水地段。
裸土 65主要分布在较干旱地区（山间陡坡、丘陵、戈壁），植被盖度<5% 。
裸岩 66主要分布在极度干旱的石质山区（风大、少雨）。
其他 67主要分布在4000米以上冻融形成的裸露岩石，又称高寒苔原。
投影参数：
Projection ALBERS
Units METERS
Spheroid Krasovsky
Parameters:
25 00 0.000 /* 1st standard parallel
47 00 0.000 /* 2nd standard parallel
105 00 0.000 /* central meridian
0 0 0.000 /* latitude of projection's origin
0.00000 /* false easting (meters)
0.00000 /* false northing (meters)

The 2011 Land Use/Land Cover Dataset of the Heihe River Basin was developed by the Remote Sensing Laboratory of the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Using GIS tools, the dataset was established based on 2011 Landsat TM and ETM remote sensing data, combined with field survey validation, to create a 1:100,000 scale land use/land cover image and vector database for the Heihe River Basin.

The main content of this dataset includes 1:100,000 scale land use graphic data and attribute data in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin.

The 2011 1:100,000 scale land cover data of the Heihe River Basin adopts the same hierarchical land cover classification system as previous land cover datasets, dividing the entire basin into 6 first-level categories (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural residential and industrial and mining land, and unused land) and 25 second-level categories. The data type is vector polygons, stored in Shape format.

Land Cover Classification Attributes:
First-level Type | Second-level Type | Attribute Code | Spatial Distribution
1. Cultivated Land
- Dry Land in Plains: Code 123, mainly distributed in basins, piedmont zones, river alluvial, proluvial or lacustrine plains (with water shortage and poor irrigation conditions).
- Dry Land in Hills: Code 122, mainly distributed in hilly areas, generally located on gentle slopes, loess ridges and loess knolls of hills.
- Dry Land in Mountainous Areas: Code 121, mainly distributed in mountainous areas, including slopes (gentle slopes, hillsides, steep slopes, terraces, etc.) below 4000 meters above sea level and piedmont zones.
2. Forest Land
- Wooded Land (Arbor): Code 21, mainly distributed in high mountains (below 4000 meters above sea level), middle mountain slopes, valley slopes, mountain tops, plains, etc.
- Shrub Land: Code 22, mainly distributed in higher mountainous areas (below 4500 meters above sea level), mostly on slopes, valleys and sandy lands.
- Sparse Forest Land: Code 23, mainly distributed in mountainous areas, hills, plains, sandy lands and the edges of Gobi (silty, gravelly).
- Other Forest Land: Code 24, mainly distributed in the ridges of oasis farmlands, around rivers, roads and rural residential areas.
3. Grassland
- High Cover Grassland: Code 31, generally distributed in mountainous areas (gentle slopes), hills (steep slopes), river beaches, Gobi and interdune depressions of sandy lands, etc.
- Medium Cover Grassland: Code 32, mainly distributed in relatively dry areas such as low-lying Gobi and interdune depressions of sandy lands.
- Low Cover Grassland: Code 33, mainly grows in relatively dry areas such as loess hills and edges of sandy lands.
4. Water Area
- Rivers and Canals: Code 41, mainly distributed in plains, inter-river cultivated lands and mountain valleys.
- Lakes: Code 42, mainly distributed in low-lying areas.
- Reservoirs and Ponds: Code 43, mainly distributed in plains and inter-river valleys, surrounded by residential areas and cultivated lands.
- Glaciers and Permanent Snow Cover: Code 44, mainly distributed on the tops of high mountains above 4000 meters above sea level.
- Floodplains: Code 46, mainly distributed in mountain valleys of high, medium and low slopes, piedmont zones, low-lying plains, edges of river and lake basins, etc.
5. Residential Areas
- Urban Land: Code 51, mainly distributed in plains, mountain basins, slopes and terraces of valley lands.
- Rural Residential Areas: Code 52, mainly distributed in oases, cultivated lands, along roads, tablelands, slopes, etc.
- Industrial and Mining and Transportation Land: Code 53, generally distributed in the periphery of towns, well-developed transportation areas and industrial and mining areas.
6. Unused Land
- Sandy Land: Code 61, mostly distributed in basins, both sides of rivers, river bends and the periphery of piedmont Gobi.
- Gobi: Code 62, mainly distributed in piedmont zones with strong wind erosion and sand source transportation.
- Saline-Alkali Land: Code 63, mainly distributed in relatively low-lying areas prone to waterlogging, dry lakes and lake shores.
- Marshes: Code 64, mainly distributed in relatively low-lying areas prone to waterlogging.
- Bare Soil: Code 65, mainly distributed in relatively arid areas such as mountain steep slopes, hills and Gobi, with vegetation coverage <5%.
- Bare Rock: Code 66, mainly distributed in extremely arid rocky mountainous areas with strong wind and little rainfall.
- Other: Code 67, mainly distributed in exposed rocks formed by freeze-thaw above 4000 meters above sea level, also known as alpine tundra.

Projection Parameters:
Projection: ALBERS
Units: METERS
Spheroid: Krasovsky
Parameters:
25°00'0.000 /* 1st standard parallel
47°00'0.000 /* 2nd standard parallel
105°00'0.000 /* central meridian
0°00'0.000 /* latitude of projection's origin
0.00000 /* false easting (meters)
0.00000 /* false northing (meters)

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是2011年黑河流域中游的土地利用/土地覆被数据，由中国科学院寒旱所遥感研究室基于Landsat TM和ETM遥感数据结合野外验证制作，比例尺为1:10万，采用分层分类系统（6个一级类、25个二级类）覆盖耕地、林地等多种地类，以矢量多边形格式存储，适用于地理信息系统分析和环境研究。