Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa

Wind turbines and power lines can cause bird mortality due to collision or electrocution. The biodiversity impacts of energy infrastructure (EI) can be minimised through effective landscape-scale planning and mitigation. The identification of high-vulnerability areas is urgently needed to assess potential cumulative impacts of EI while supporting the transition to zero-carbon energy. We collected GPS location data from 1,454 birds from 27 species susceptible to collision within Europe and North Africa and identified areas where tracked birds are most at risk of colliding with existing EI. Sensitivity to EI development was estimated for wind turbines and power lines by calculating the proportion of GPS flight locations at heights where birds were at risk of collision and accounting for species’ specific susceptibility to collision. We mapped the maximum collision sensitivity value obtained across all species, in each 5x5 km grid cell, across Europe and North Africa. Vulnerability to coll...风力涡轮机与电力线路可因碰撞或触电造成鸟类死亡。能源基础设施（Energy Infrastructure，EI）对生物多样性的影响可通过有效的景观尺度规划与减缓措施降至最低。当前亟需识别高脆弱性区域，以评估能源基础设施的潜在累积影响，同时支撑零碳能源转型。 我们采集了欧洲与北非27种易受碰撞威胁的鸟类共计1454只的GPS定位数据，并识别出追踪个体与现有能源基础设施发生碰撞风险最高的区域。我们通过计算鸟类处于碰撞风险高度的GPS飞行点位占比，并结合物种特异性碰撞易感性，估算出鸟类对风力涡轮机与电力线路开发的敏感性。我们在覆盖欧洲与北非的每一块5×5平方公里网格单元中，绘制了所有物种中得到的最大碰撞敏感性数值分布。鸟类碰撞脆弱性……