Many ways to make darker flies: Intra- and inter-specific variation in Drosophila body pigmentation components

Body pigmentation is an evolutionarily diversified and ecologically relevant trait with substantial variation within and between species, and important roles in animal survival and reproduction. Insect pigmentation, in particular, provides some of the most compelling examples of adaptive evolution, including its ecological significance and genetic bases. Pigmentation includes multiple aspects of color and color pattern that may vary more or less independently, and can be under different selective pressures. We decompose Drosophila thorax and abdominal pigmentation, a valuable eco-evo-devo model, into distinct measurable traits related to color and color pattern. We investigate intra- and inter-specific variation for those traits, and assess its different sources. For each body part, we measured overall darkness, as well as four other pigmentation properties distinguishing between background color and color of the darker pattern elements that decorate each body part. By focusing on two s...体色（body pigmentation）是一类在进化层面呈现多样分化、且具备生态重要性的性状，其在物种内部与物种间均存在显著变异，并对动物的生存与繁殖发挥关键作用。其中，昆虫体色为适应性进化提供了极具说服力的研究范例，相关研究涵盖其生态意义与遗传基础两大核心内容。体色性状包含颜色与色彩图案的多个维度，这些维度间可呈现一定程度的独立变异，并可能受到不同的选择压力作用。本研究将作为优质生态-进化-发育（eco-evo-devo）研究模型的果蝇（Drosophila）胸部与腹部体色，拆解为多个与颜色、色彩图案相关的可量化独立性状。针对上述性状，本研究开展种内与种间变异分析，并对其潜在成因展开溯源。针对每个躯体部位，本研究不仅测定了整体黑化程度，还针对构成躯体装饰的深色图案元素与底色，量化了四项其他体色特征以区分二者差异。本研究聚焦于两类[原文未完整表述]。