Living and lost mammals of Rio de Janeiro's largest biological reserve: an updated species list of Tinguá

Abstract: The Tinguá Biological Reserve (TBR) is the largest protected area of this category in Rio de Janeiro state. Here, for the first time, we present the historical composition of terrestrial mammals' assemblage of TBR region. An inventory was conducted using transect surveys, nonstandard transects, survey of museum specimens and informal reports. Considering all the data, eighty-five species were recorded, placing TBR as the second one in the number of mammals recorded in "Serra do Mar" ecoregion of Atlantic Forest and in the Rio de Janeiro state. Among the species with historical records are the jaguar (Panthera onca) and the golden-lion-tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) while the current presence of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) was recorded for the first time. Priority studies should focus on Chiroptera, Rodentia and Didelphimorphia orders, especially in the most remote areas of the reserve, and long-term surveys of endangered species. Besides hunting, fragmentation of its interior by roads, pipelines and transmission lines and exotic species, TBR is also threatened by the urban growth around it and the pressure to reduce its area and its protection category, demanding greater attention by the high levels of governance of protected areas in Brazil.

摘要：廷瓜生物保护区（Tinguá Biological Reserve，简称TBR）是里约热内卢州该类别下规模最大的保护地。本研究首次报道了该保护区区域内陆地哺乳动物群落的历史组成。本次物种编目工作采用样线调查、非标准样线调查、馆藏标本调研及非正式观测报告等方法开展。综合所有调研数据，共记录到85种哺乳动物，使得廷瓜生物保护区在大西洋森林马尔山脉生态区及里约热内卢州的哺乳动物记录物种数排名中位列第二。历史记录中存在的物种包括美洲豹（Panthera onca）与金狮面狨（Leontopithecus rosalia），而鬃狼（Chrysocyon brachyurus）的当前分布记录则为首次报道。后续优先研究方向应聚焦于翼手目、啮齿目与负鼠目类群，尤其是保护区内最偏远的区域，同时需开展濒危物种的长期监测调查。除狩猎活动外，道路、管道与输电线路造成的保护区内部生境破碎化、外来物种入侵，以及保护区周边的城市扩张、缩减其保护面积与保护等级的舆论压力，均对廷瓜生物保护区构成威胁，这需要巴西保护区的高层管理机构给予更多关注。