A global synthesis of environmental enrichment effect on fish stress

The stress-coping ability (SCA) is one of the core aspects of fish welfare and is of vital importance for fish production in the aquaculture industry and for fish fitness in hatchery release. Environmental enrichment (EE), a method of introducing external stimuli into the husbandry environment, has been recently proposed to improve fish SCA, but the present experimental evidence is mixed and the reasons for these discrepancies are unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis using a data set that consists of 1786 cases from 107 studies across 42 fish species to solve this problem. Overall, we found that enriched fish had significantly higher SCA than control fish, reflected in either basal stress levels or stress responses. Meta-regression analyses showed that specific subgroups of enrichment type, fish developmental stage, stress category, stress duration, stress place, sample tissue, and indicator system showed significant positive EE effects on SCA. Multi-model inference indica..., , , # Data from: A global synthesis of environmental enrichment effect on fish stress

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs9r](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs9r)

## Description of the data and file structure

**This metadata file belongs to the paper “A global synthesis of environmental enrichment effect on fish stress” that is published in Fish and Fisheries ([https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12870](https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12870)).**

### Files and variables

#### File: Data\_S1.\_Core\_data\_set.csv

**Description:** The core data set. It includes 1719 experimental cases. Each case has the effect size and variance information. All of the basic information and moderator information are provided. If the cell involves \"NA\", it means no value.

ref: the number of reference.

author: the first author's name of the publication.

journal: the published journal.

2021 jif: the journal impact factor of the 2021 year, which is obtained from  the web of science website.

exp.site.or.first.or...