Deactivation of Zeolitic Catalyst by the Poisoning of Ni Speciation and Its Control

The dehydrogenation activity of Ni in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst can cause the catalyst deactivation and the formation of coke deposit at an expense of gasoline yield. Ni speciation and NiO quantification in FCC catalysts were studied sporadically. As the Ni content in catalysts increases, new passivators with stronger capability need to be explored. Therefore, Ni speciation, NiO quantification and methods to combat nickel poisoning were explored. The new Ni passivating elements selected from a large number of possible elements are expected to combat Ni poisoning of catalysts in refineries and improve the understanding of Ni passivation mechanisms.