Simulations of magnetized quark nugget dark matter in three-layer witness plate

Magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) are a recently proposed dark-matter candidate consistent with the Standard Model and with Tatsumi’s theory of quark-nugget cores in magnetars. Previous publications have covered their formation in the early universe, aggregation into a broad mass distribution before they can decay by the weak force, interaction with normal matter through their magnetopause, and first observation consistent MQNs: a nearly tangential impact limiting their surface-magnetic-field parameter Bo from Tatsumi’s ~1012+/-1 T to 1.65 × 1012 T +/- 21%. The MQN mass distribution and interaction cross section depend strongly on Bo. Their magnetopause is much larger than their geometric dimensions and can cause sufficient energy deposition to form non-meteorite craters, which are reported approximately annually. We report computer simulations of the MQN energy deposition in water-saturated peat, soft-sediments, and granite and report results from excavating such a crater. Five points of...磁化夸克团（Magnetized Quark Nuggets，MQNs）是近年提出的暗物质候选体，既符合标准模型（Standard Model），也契合Tatsumi提出的磁星夸克核理论。此前的学术成果已系统阐述了其在早期宇宙中的形成过程、通过弱相互作用力衰变前聚集形成宽质量分布的演化路径、借助磁层顶（magnetopause）与普通物质发生相互作用的机制，以及首个与MQNs相符的观测事件：一次近乎切向的撞击事件，将其表面磁场参数B₀的取值范围从Tatsumi提出的~10¹²±1 T限定为1.65×10¹² T ±21%。MQNs的质量分布与相互作用截面（interaction cross section）强烈依赖于B₀。其磁层顶的尺度远大于自身几何尺寸，可产生足够的能量沉积以形成非陨石撞击坑，此类坑洞的观测报道约为每年一例。本研究开展了MQNs在饱水泥炭、软沉积物与花岗岩中的能量沉积过程的计算机模拟，并报道了该类撞击坑的挖掘探测结果。本文包含五大核心要点：