The Black point Pathogen in Iraq

Black point is a widespread fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) that causes dark discoloration at the germ end of the kernel, leading to reduced seed germination, lower flour quality, and potential mycotoxin contamination. Although Alternaria species are frequently identified as primary causal agents of this disease globally, the specific etiology affecting major grain-producing regions in Iraq has remained under-characterized. Here, we report for the first time the isolation and identification of Alternaria alternata directly associated with black point disease in commercial wheat fields located in Karbala Province, Iraq. Given the previously documented versatility of A. alternata as a pathogen on diverse horticultural crops within this region, its emergence on a staple cereal crop represents a significant threat to local agricultural economies and underscores the urgent need for targeted genomic and epidemiological surveillance.