Skeletal biomarkers of stress incorporated into frailty indices (SFI) with designated scoring schemata, elements observed, and criteria for frailty.

Outlined standards [52] were used to identify conditions of frailty: femoral head and maximum length [33]; linear enamel hypoplasia [71]; periosteal new bone [72] and osteomyelitis [14]; periodontal disease and osteoarthritis [73]; cribra orbitalia [74]; osteomalacia [75]; neoplastic disorders [14, 76]; osteoporosis and rotator cuff disease [77]; intervertebral disc disease [78]; and trauma [79].