Data from: The effects of short term detraining and retraining on physical fitness in elite soccer players

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic high-intensity training with reduced volume and training cessation on body composition and physical fitness after the end of season and the time required to recapture physical fitness with intensified retraining following two weeks of detraining in elite soccer players. Method: Twenty male semi-professional soccer players participated in this study. The soccer players were assigned to either a group that completed high-intensity aerobic training (HAT, n = 10) or to a detraining and retraining group (DHAT, n = 10) for a 5-week period immediately after the end of the season. The first 2 weeks of the period, members of the HAT group performed high-intensity aerobic exercise (80–90% of HRmax, 12 min × 3, three times per week), whereas members of the DHAT group abstained from any physical activity. During the subsequent 3 weeks, members of both the HAT and DHAT groups completed high-intensity aerobic exercise. Exercise performance testing and body composition analysis were performed before; after 2 weeks of detraining; and at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of retraining. Results: Intensified high-intensity training for 5 weeks maintained the performance in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) and repeated sprints at any time point (P > 0.05). However 2 weeks of detraining resulted in significant decreases in the performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 (P < 0.01) and repeated sprints test (P < 0.05). Performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 enhanced after 2 weeks of retraining and was maintained up to 3 weeks after retraining, with no significant differences between conditions (P > 0.05). In addition, repeated sprint performance markedly decreased after the detraining period (P < 0.05) and was continuously lower compared to the baseline at 2 weeks after retraining (P < 0.05). Furthermore, this value reached baseline level at the end of the experimental period (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between conditions in body composition, performance of agility, or sprint ability throughout the 5-week experimental period (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The present data suggest that short-term detraining after the competitive season can markedly decrease performances in the Yo-Yo IR2 test and repeated sprints. To return to a previous level of ability on the Yo-Yo IR2 and/or sprint test with retraining through high-intensity aerobic training after a period of detraining, a similar or longer period of retraining is required. However, the high-intensity training with reduced amount of training after competitive season can prevent reductions in physical fitness.研究目的：本研究旨在探讨赛季结束后，低训练量高强度有氧训练与停训（detraining）对优秀足球运动员身体成分与体适能的影响，以及两周停训后通过强化复训（retraining）恢复体适能所需的时长。方法：本研究共纳入20名男性半职业足球运动员。赛季结束后即刻，将受试者随机分为两组：高强度有氧训练组（high-intensity aerobic training, HAT，n=10）与停训-复训组（detraining and retraining group, DHAT，n=10），实验周期共5周。实验前2周，HAT组受试者进行高强度有氧训练（强度为最大心率[HRmax]的80%~90%，每次训练为12分钟×3组，每周3次），而DHAT组受试者完全停止任何体力活动。后续3周，两组受试者均进行高强度有氧训练。分别于实验前、2周停训后、复训第1、2、3周进行运动表现测试与身体成分分析。结果：5周强化高强度有氧训练可维持Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试2级（Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test, Yo-Yo IR2）与重复冲刺测试的表现，各时间点均无显著差异（P>0.05）。然而，2周停训后，受试者的Yo-Yo IR2测试成绩与重复冲刺表现均出现显著下降（P<0.01，P<0.05）。复训2周后，Yo-Yo IR2测试成绩得到提升，并可维持至复训第3周，两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。此外，停训期结束后，重复冲刺表现出现显著下降（P<0.05），且直至复训第2周仍显著低于基线水平（P<0.05），至实验周期结束时才恢复至基线水平（P>0.05）。整个5周实验周期内，两组受试者在身体成分、敏捷性测试与短跑能力方面均无显著组间差异（P>0.05）。结论：本研究数据表明，竞技赛季后的短期停训可显著降低Yo-Yo IR2测试与重复冲刺的表现。若需在停训期后通过高强度有氧训练进行复训，以恢复至Yo-Yo IR2或冲刺测试的原有水平，所需复训时长需与停训期相当或更长。但赛季结束后采用低训练量高强度有氧训练，可有效防止体适能水平下降。