Droplet characteristics as a function of experimental parameters in electrospray deposition

In this study, the atomization mode and droplet size of an electrostatic atomization system and a system with a ring electrode were compared. The parameters of the ring electrode, namely the outer diameter of the nozzle, nozzle-to-ring distance, and applied voltage, were used to determine the droplet size and atomization characteristics. In addition, the droplet size was compared with those calculated using existing theoretical equations, and the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of ethanol = a(1 + applied ring/nozzle voltage (RNV))b and SMD of distilled water = a(1 + RNV)b were calculated. These SMDs can be used for determining the nozzle-to-ring/outer diameter ratios up to a maximum range of 10.

Methods
All data was recorded in real-time and recorded in an Excel file, which was then created in Origin Pro 16 based on the Excel file. Also, the droplet size expression was created using the Origin Pro 16 file.