Extraction of Lignin and Cellulose from Local Waste Bamboo Biomass for the Synthesis of Membranes and Other Chemicals for Environmental Purposes

The extraction of cellulose from waste bamboo biomass is carried out by biomass pretreatment, then chemical or combined treatment. The chemical treatment includes an alkaline lignin extraction step and an acid cellulose extraction step, requiring concentrated reagents. The use of physical extraction enables extraction from the biomass with lower concentrations of reagents. Supercritical fluid extraction uses supercritical fluids to extract the compounds of interest. The typical supercritical fluid extraction process includes depressurization in an extraction vessel by the introduction of the supercritical fluid, extraction when the supercritical fluid interacts with the sample and the separation of the supercritical fluid by depressurizing it to return the fluid to a gaseous form. Supercritical extraction is used differently since the aim of the extraction is to subject the sample to the changes in temperature and pressure, to fracture the biomass structure. This is followed by extraction of the components via milder chemical methods. In summary this research aims to valorize biomass waste into sustainably derived, ecologically friendly products for environmental purposes such as the formation of membranes for wastewater treatment.