Data from: Contrasting patterns of gene flow for Amazonian snakes that actively forage and those that wait in ambush

Knowledge of genetic structure, geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity can be used to identify environmental features and natural history traits that influence dispersal and gene flow. Foraging mode is a trait that might predict dispersal capacity in snakes, because actively foragers typically have greater movement rates than ambush predators. Here we test the hypothesis that two actively foraging snakes have higher levels of gene flow than two ambush predators. We evaluated these four co-distributed species of snakes in the Brazilian Amazon. Snakes were sampled along an 880km transect from the central to the southwest of the Amazon basin, which covered a mosaic of vegetation types and seasonal differences in climate. We analyzed thousands of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to compare patterns of neutral gene flow based on isolation by geographic distance (IBD) and environmental resistance (IBR). We show that IBD and IBR were only evident in ambush predators, implying lower levels of dispersal than the active foragers. Therefore, gene flow was high enough in the active foragers analyzed here to prevent any build-up of spatial genotypic structure with respect to geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity.遗传结构、地理距离与环境异质性的相关认知，可用于识别影响扩散与基因流的环境特征及自然历史性状。觅食模式是可预测蛇类扩散能力的关键性状之一，因主动觅食者的移动速率通常高于伏击型捕食者。本研究验证如下假说：两种主动觅食的蛇类，其基因流水平高于两种伏击型捕食蛇类。我们在巴西亚马逊地区对这4种同分布的蛇类开展了研究。采样沿亚马逊盆地中部至西南部的880公里样带进行，该样带覆盖了植被类型镶嵌分布且存在气候季节差异的区域。我们通过分析数千个单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs），基于地理距离隔离（isolation by geographic distance, IBD）与环境阻力隔离（isolation by environmental resistance, IBR）比较中性基因流模式。结果显示，IBD与IBR仅在伏击型捕食者中显著，表明其扩散水平低于主动觅食者。因此，本研究涉及的主动觅食者，其基因流水平足够高，足以避免因地理距离与环境异质性引发的空间基因型结构累积。