Producers profile and the adoption of technologies in passion fruit cultivation in the Triângulo Mineiro region

Abstract Productivity of passion fruit in Brazil varies widely among producers in different states and regions depending on the adoption of technologies. In this study, the goal was to evaluate the producers profile and use of technologies in passion fruit production in the Triângulo Mineiro region, driven by the local juice industry. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2019, using Behavioral Diagnosis of Productive Activity methodology, based on questionnaires applied to 22 producers in eight cities. The data were submitted to descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. Most producers grow passion fruit in up to 5 ha, in a family work regimen, and have little experience. The cultivation system is open field in vertical trellis, with a production cycle of 1.5 years. The great majority use manual pollination, chemical and organic fertilization, and do not systematically adopt integrated phytosanitary management. The seedlings are purchased from qualified nurseries and the most planted cultivar is the FB 300. The main losses reported by producers were caused by drought and damage to floral bud, with an average fruit yield of 17 t ha-1 year-1. This production chain is structured but requires technical interventions to increase the profitability and sustainability of the production system.摘要：巴西不同州与区域的百香果种植生产者，其生产产能差异显著，该差异取决于技术的采纳程度。本研究以当地果汁产业为驱动因素，旨在评估米纳斯三角区（Triângulo Mineiro）百香果种植生产者的从业概况与技术应用情况。研究于2018至2019年间开展，采用生产活动行为诊断法（Behavioral Diagnosis of Productive Activity），针对8座城市的22名生产者发放问卷进行调研。对所得数据开展描述性统计与多元统计分析。多数生产者的种植规模不超过5公顷，采用家庭用工模式，且从业经验相对不足。种植体系为露地垂直支架栽培，生产周期为1.5年。绝大多数生产者采用人工授粉、化肥与有机肥施用方式，但未系统性采纳植保综合防控技术。种苗均购自资质合格的苗圃，主栽品种为FB 300。生产者报告的主要损失源于干旱与花蕾损伤，平均果实产量为17吨/公顷·年。该产业链已具备基础架构，但仍需实施技术干预以提升生产体系的盈利能力与可持续性。