Lijphart Elections Archive: Lijphart Country Catalog: Portugal

The Lijphart Elections Archive is a static research collection of district level election results for approximately 350 national legislative elections in 26 countries that was maintained through 2003. When Arend Lijphart began his comparative study of electoral systems in the early 1980s, he discovered that no library anywhere in the world had a collection of the detailed statistics of national elections in democratic countries -- although such statistics were being collected by many government and non-government agencies and, at least in principle, obtainable from these agencies. This was the origin of the Elections Archive in the University Library of the University of Calif ornia, San Diego. The objective of the Archive is to systematically collect election statistics in as much detail as possible, including, as a minimum, the results at the level of the individual election districts in which votes are converted into seats. The original scope of the Archive was the national election results in hard-copy format for the lower or only house of the legislature and for any directly elected upper house in the twenty-seven older democracies from 1945 on (the West European democracies plus the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, India, Israel, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand). The scope has expanded in several directions: more countries, a longer time span, sub-national as well as national elections, and d ata in machine-readable format. Arend Lijphart is Research Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Comparative Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) and many articles on elections and electoral systems in Electoral Studies and other journals. The Archive Director is Gary W. Cox, Department of Political Science, University of Califor nia, San Diego.利普哈特选举档案（Lijphart Elections Archive）是一套静态研究馆藏，收录了26个国家共计约350场国民议会选举的选区级选举结果，该馆藏维护至2003年。 阿伦·利普哈特（Arend Lijphart）于20世纪80年代初开展选举制度比较研究时，发现全球范围内没有任何图书馆收藏民主国家国民选举的详细统计数据——尽管诸多政府与非政府机构都在收集这类统计资料，且至少在原则上可从这些机构获取。这便是加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校（University of California, San Diego）图书馆内选举档案的起源。 该档案的宗旨是系统性地尽可能详尽地收集选举统计数据，至少需包含选票转化为席位的单个选区的选举结果。其最初收录范围为1945年以来27个老牌民主国家（西欧民主国家外加美国、加拿大、哥斯达黎加、印度、以色列、日本、澳大利亚与新西兰）的议会下院（或仅设单一院的议会全院）及直选上院的纸质版国民选举结果。如今其收录范围已在多维度拓展：涵盖更多国家、更长时间跨度，新增了地方选举与国民选举，同时支持机器可读格式的数据。 阿伦·利普哈特现为加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校政治学荣誉退休研究教授。他著有《选举制度与政党制度：1945-1990年27个民主国家的比较研究》（Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Comparative Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990，牛津：牛津大学出版社，1994年），以及多篇发表于《选举研究》（Electoral Studies）等期刊的选举与选举制度相关学术论文。该档案现任负责人为加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校政治学系的加里·W·考克斯（Gary W. Cox）。